On Friday, May 8, 2026, U.S. President Donald J. Trump announced a U.S.-brokered three-day ceasefire in the Russia-Ukraine war, paired with a 1,000-prisoner swap on each side. The agreement followed two failed attempts earlier in the week, when Moscow and Kyiv each announced competing truces before settling on the American framework. Drone activity and civilian casualties continued and both sides traded accusations of violations, though no major strikes were reported. Putin afterward said publicly that the war could be “coming to an end.” The ceasefire window coincided with Russia’s Victory Day, the subject of this week’s World In Depth closer (see below).

The Iran track was a different story. Tehran’s 14-point peace proposal delivered through Pakistani mediators was rejected by Washington, with the U.S. President saying he was “not satisfied.” Israel meanwhile carried out strikes in Lebanon on Saturday that killed at least seven people, with no prior evacuation warning, further straining the ceasefire with Iran. Israeli and Lebanese envoys are scheduled for U.S.-brokered talks in Washington next week, as Washington attempts to manage the Lebanese front of the Iran war.

In the Strait of Hormuz, the U.S. shipping protection operation “Project Freedom” came under sustained Iranian attack: a South Korean vessel was hit, the UAE shifted schools to remote learning, and Britain announced it would pre-position HMS Dragon as part of a UK-France-led multinational coalition. The U.S. Treasury sanctioned ten entities, several in China and Hong Kong, for supplying Shahed drone components. Even as Europe sent warships east, Washington announced a 5,000-troop drawdown from Germany, about a fourteen percent reduction in U.S. forces there. Saudi Arabia’s denial of U.S. airspace and base access, reported May 7, prompted Washington to halt a planned tanker escort operation, a quieter but consequential signal from a key Gulf ally.

Europe’s other major event took place in Yerevan. The eighth European Political Community summit on Monday brought dozens of European leaders to the Armenian capital to address European defense and the Iran war. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney attended as the first non-European head of government to participate, a signal of Ottawa’s deepening engagement with European partners and notable for Maine, whose largest international trading partner is Canada. The same week, Washington gave Brussels until July 4 to meet trade commitments or face steep auto tariffs. U.S. President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are scheduled to meet May 14-15 in Beijing, where a proposed “Board of Trade” would clarify which products the two countries are willing and unwilling to trade across the relationship.

In India, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s BJP won West Bengal for the first time, ending fifteen years of rule by Mamata Banerjee, who called the vote fraudulent (see Friday’s World In Depth). In North America, the administration advanced a revived Canada-U.S. oil pipeline, with South Bow Corp and Bridger Pipeline nearing the commitment thresholds needed to increase Canadian crude exports to the U.S. by twelve percent.

The week closed with Reporters Without Borders’ 2026 World Press Freedom Index, which placed global press freedom at its lowest level in 25 years. The United States fell seven places to 64th, with the index citing the detention and deportation of journalists and cuts to the U.S. Agency for Global Media. Declining press freedom is seen as an indicator of democratic erosion globally — a theme we will be exploring this Thursday during the Great Decisions finale with Amb (ret) Derek Mitchell, moderated by Prof. Jono Anzalone.

This week in depth

Sunday, May 3, 2026

Pope Leo marks World Press Freedom Day

On World Press Freedom Day, Pope Leo XIV condemned violations of media freedom that occur “sometimes blatantly, sometimes in more subtle ways,” paying tribute to journalists killed in conflict zones. Speaking from St. Peter’s Square after his weekly Sunday prayer, the pontiff continued a press-freedom advocacy that has been a central theme of his first year in office. Leo, the first American pope and a dual U.S.-Peruvian citizen, has consistently linked press freedom to democracy. In one of his first acts after his May 2025 election, he called for the release of imprisoned journalists, stating that “only informed individuals can make free choices.” In June 2025 he declared that defending “free and ethical journalism” is “not only an act of justice, it is a duty for all those who aspire to a solid and participatory democracy.” Speaking to international news agency executives in October, he urged media leaders to “never sell out your authority,” calling journalism “a public good that we should all protect.” His Sunday remarks coincided with new fatality data from the Committee to Protect Journalists. CPJ confirmed 129 journalists and media workers were killed in 2025, the highest annual figure since tracking began in 1992. CPJ attributes the majority of these deaths to Israeli operations in Gaza and Lebanon, with Israel responsible for over two-thirds of global press fatalities for the year. As of early May, 18 work-related deaths have already been confirmed for 2026, against a 90 percent global impunity rate for crimes against the press. Reporters Without Borders has welcomed Leo’s commitment and issued five concrete recommendations for sustaining the Vatican’s voice on these issues.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, May 3). Pope marks World Press Freedom Day, laments violations and honours slain reporters. Reuters.

2. Committee to Protect Journalists. (2026, February 25). Record number of journalists killed in 2025; Israel responsible for two-thirds of deaths.

3. Pullella, P., & McElwee, J. (2025, May 12). Pope Leo tells media to shun divisions, urges release of jailed reporters. Reuters.

4. Staff, A. J. (2026u, May 3). On World Press Freedom Day, Pope honours journalists killed in war zones. Al Jazeera.

5. Jazeera, A. (2025a, April 10). Israel’s war on Gaza deadliest conflict ever for journalists, says report. Al Jazeera.

6. Durie, A. M. (2026, April 30). Press freedom worldwide falls to its lowest level in 25 years. Al Jazeera.

7. Statistics on killed journalists. (2026, March 18). UNESCO.

Monday, May 4, 2026

Guyana-Venezuela historical border dispute back at ICJ

The International Court of Justice began hearings on May 4, 2026, on a long-standing dispute between Guyana and Venezuela over the resource-rich Essequibo region, which accounts for roughly 70% of Guyana’s territory. Guyana seeks to uphold an 1899 arbitral decision, while Venezuela maintains that the border ruling was fraudulent and advocates a resolution based on a 1966 agreement. During the week-long hearings in The Hague, Guyanese Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Minister Hugh Todd characterized the dispute as a persistent challenge to the nation’s sovereignty. Guyana seeks a permanent ruling affirming the 1899 arbitration agreement that established the current border. Venezuela maintains that the 19th-century decision was the result of a conspiracy among European powers and the United States to deprive it of land unfairly. Caracas argues that the region has been part of its territory since the Spanish colonial era and contends that the 1966 Geneva Agreement effectively superseded the previous arbitration. The legal battle intensified in 2018, when, after decades of unsuccessful mediation, Guyana petitioned the ICJ for a definitive resolution. While Venezuela initially challenged the court’s jurisdiction, arguing that the United Kingdom should be a party to the proceedings as Guyana’s former colonial power, the ICJ ruled in December 2020 that it had authority to hear the case. Venezuela, however, continues to reject the court’s jurisdiction, with its agent Samuel Moncada calling the country’s territorial rights “irrenunciables” during May 6 proceedings. As the hearings continue through May 11, the court must weigh the validity of the 1899 boundary against Venezuela’s claims of historical disenfranchisement. The outcome will have significant implications for control of the region’s substantial gold, diamonds, timber, and offshore oil deposits, with Guyana currently producing approximately 750,000 barrels of oil per day largely from reserves in and around the Essequibo region.

1. Quell, M. (2026, May 4). Guyana and Venezuela return to UN court to settle historic border dispute | AP News. AP News.

2. Stephanie. (2026, May 6). Venezuela tells the World Court it has no jurisdiction in dispute with Guyana over oil-rich territory. Reuters.

3. Reuters Staff. (2026, May 4). Guyana tells World Court Venezuela’s claim on oil-rich Esequibo region poses threat. Reuters.

4. Corder, M. (2026b, May 6). Venezuela insists Essequibo region of neighboring Guyana was fraudulently taken | AP News. AP News.

5. Office of the Historian. (2024).Venezuela Boundary Dispute, 1895–1899. Milestones in the history of U.S. Foreign Relations.

6. Connectas.org, & Palacio, Y. (2025, April 10). What is the Value of the Essequibo Region? CONNECTAS.

7. Loader, M. (2024, January 9). Essequibo | History, Oil, Contested Territory, & Map | Britannica. Www.britannica.com.

Tuesday, May 5, 2026

Romanian PM Bolojan’s government collapses after overwhelming no-confidence vote

On Tuesday, May 5, 2026, Romanian lawmakers ousted Prime Minister Ilie Bolojan’s minority government in a no-confidence vote that passed with 281 votes, well above the 233 required. The collapse follows the Social Democrats’ (PSD) withdrawal of political support on April 20 and their ministers’ resignations on April 23, which prompted an alliance with the far-right Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR) to initiate the motion on April 28. The friction stems largely from Bolojan’s austerity program—including tax hikes, wage freezes, and spending cuts—which the PSD claimed unfairly affected its constituents and voter base while shifting popular support toward the far right. In the motion text, signatories accused the prime minister of “destroying the economy” and “impoverishing the population.” Defending his policies, Bolojan argued that the measures were necessary to address Romania’s severe budget deficit, the largest in the European Union. The consequences of the vote were immediate, putting at risk Romania’s sovereign debt ratings, eligibility for EU financial support, and currency stability. The political crisis jeopardizes Romania’s ability to meet reform benchmarks necessary to access EU recovery funds. President Nicușor Dan, who nominates the prime minister, initially expressed optimism that a new pro-EU government could be formed within one to two weeks, though he later extended the expected timeline to a “reasonable period of time.” However, the path to a stable parliamentary majority remains obstructed by deep partisan friction. Both Bolojan’s National Liberal Party (PNL) and the junior Save Romania Union (USR) have ruled out renewed cooperation with the PSD. Meanwhile, the Social Democrats maintain that a pro-EU majority cannot be formed without their involvement and have indicated a willingness to rejoin a coalition under a different prime minister. In the interim, Bolojan will serve as caretaker premier with limited powers until a successor is confirmed by parliament, with political normalcy not expected before June 2026.

1. Ilie, L. (2026, May 5). Romanian government collapses after no-confidence vote. Reuters.

2. Staff, A. J. (2026v, May 5). Romania PM Ilie Bolojan’s government toppled in no-confidence vote. Al Jazeera.

3. Ilie, L. (2026, April 20). Biggest party in Romanian coalition withdraws support for PM, political crisis looms. Reuters.

4. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 17). Romanian broad ruling coalition parties must continue despite tensions, president says. Reuters.

5. Ilie, L., & Szakacs, G. (2026, March 19). Romania’s ruling coalition makes last-ditch compromise to push 2026 budget through. Reuters.

6. Reuters Staff. (2025, December 15). Romania’s government survives no-confidence vote over reform plans. Reuters.

7. Reuters Staff. (2025, July 31). Romania cuts EU-funded recovery funds package to 21.6 billion euros. Reuters.

Wednesday, May 6, 2026

North Korea removes references to unification from constitution, defines Republic of Korea as “hostile state.”

North Korea has formally amended its constitution to define its territory as bordering South Korea, codifying leader Kim Jong Un’s policy of treating the two nations as separate, hostile states. According to briefings from South Korea’s Unification Ministry, the Supreme People’s Assembly adopted these revisions during a March 2026 session, with details made public in May. The newly revised Article 2 defines North Korea’s territory as “land areas bordering the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation to the north, and the Republic of Korea to the south, as well as the territorial waters and airspace established based on this territory.” This marks the first time North Korea has dropped its territorial claims over the South and officially used the name “Republic of Korea” in its constitution. While the text asserts that Pyongyang will never tolerate any infringement of its territory, it stops short of providing specific coordinates for the inter-Korean border or mentioning disputed maritime boundaries like the Northern Limit Line. Beyond territorial shifts, the revised constitution dramatically updates Kim’s formal status and the country’s governance structure. Kim is now designated as President of the State Affairs Commission and the country’s official head of state, replacing the previous title of “supreme leader.” Crucially, the document formally places command of the nation’s nuclear forces under his direct authority for the first time. The constitution also grants Kim veto power over laws adopted by the Supreme People’s Assembly while removing the Assembly’s right to recall the President. In a striking departure from North Korea’s foundational ideology, the revised constitution significantly reduces mentions of the country’s founding leaders, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, and has removed the term “socialist” from the constitution’s official title. The State Affairs Commission was also moved ahead of the Supreme People’s Assembly in the constitutional order, underscoring Kim Jong Un’s status as the country’s highest authority. Taken together, these amendments represent a significant departure from decades of North Korean policy that previously emphasized the eventual reunification of the peninsula. All references to “peaceful reunification,” “ethnic unity,” and the idea that North and South Korea remain one people have been deleted.

1. Shim, K.-S. (2026, May 6). North Korea revises constitution to drop references to unification of Korean Peninsula. Reuters.

2. Vu, K. (2026, May 8). North Korea’s constitutional amendments signal a policy of assurance toward South Korea. The Diplomat.

3. Yim, H. (2024, January 15). North Korea’s Kim calls for South to be seen as “primary foe”, warns of war. Reuters.

4. Shin, H., & Smith, J. (2024, January 4). In threatening shift, North Korea moves to redefine relations with South. Reuters.

5. Kim, C., Smith, J., & Kim, J. (2023, December 30). North Korea to launch new satellites, build drones, says war inevitable. Reuters.

6. Pruitt, S. (2025, May 28). Why are North and South Korea divided? | HISTORY. HISTORY.

7. Action, C. F. P. (2026b, February 18). North Korea Crisis. Global Conflict Tracker.

Thursday, May 7, 2026

Solomon Islands PM ousted in no-confidence vote

Solomon Islands Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele was removed from office on Thursday after losing a vote of no confidence in the National Parliament. The motion passed by a narrow margin of 26 votes to 22, with two members absent, according to Speaker of Parliament Patterson Oti. The leadership change follows months of political deadlock that began in March, when a dozen government ministers and two coalition partners defected to the opposition. The opposition argued that Manele was leading a minority government and had deliberately avoided a confidence vote for seven weeks by refusing to recall parliament. Manele’s administration finally convened the session after the High Court and the Court of Appeal ruled that his refusal was unconstitutional. Despite his ousting, Manele addressed lawmakers after the vote, urging cooperation for the country’s stability. “I hope as leaders, we will continue to work for the betterment of this country,” he said, adding that “both sides of the house need to continue to work together to deliver goods and services for people going forward”. Manele will remain in a caretaker capacity until the Governor General, the representative of King Charles III, formally removes him and a new leader is elected by Parliament, a process expected to conclude next week.

1. Craymer, L., & Pal, A. (2026, May 7). Solomon Islands PM ousted after losing confidence vote. Reuters.

2. Reporter, G. S. (2026b, May 8). Solomon Islands to get new leader after PM ousted in no-confidence vote. The Guardian.

3. Xinhua. (2026c, May 7). Solomon Islands PM ousted in parliamentary no-confidence vote. Chinadailyhk.

4. Waqairadovu, A. (2026, May 7). Solomon Islands PM Manele ousted after no-confidence vote. Fiji Broadcasting Corporation.

5. Afp. (2026b, May 7). No-confidence vote topples Solomon Islands Prime Minister. The Hindu.

6. Jazeera, A. (2024a, May 2). Solomon Islands elects Jeremiah Manele as new prime minister. Al Jazeera.

7. Foster, S. (1999, July 26). Solomon Islands | Capital, Map, Islands, War, Population, & Culture. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Friday, May 8, 2026

Tensions high in West Bengal after BJP aide shot dead and hundreds arrested

Political instability and civil unrest have escalated in West Bengal following a contested provincial election in which the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) unseated the Trinamool Congress (TMC) after 15 years of rule. The BJP secured 207 out of 294 seats with a 45.8% vote share, while the TMC fell to just 80 seats with 40.8% of votes. The victory was overshadowed by the tragic shooting of Chandranath Rath, personal assistant to BJP leader Suvendu Adhikari, who was attacked on Monday evening, May 5, by gunmen near Doltala in Madhyamgram, just outside Kolkata. According to police investigations, attackers used four motorcycles and a car with a fake number plate to intercept Rath’s vehicle around 10:30 PM. After the car blocked his path, motorcycle-borne assailants fired at least four bullets at point-blank range into his vehicle, hitting him in the chest, abdomen, and head. He was declared dead on arrival at the hospital. Adhikari, who was named West Bengal’s new Chief Minister and sworn in on Saturday in a ceremony attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has characterized the killing as a targeted political assassination. The TMC has denied any involvement and called for an independent investigation into the incident. The BJP’s win signifies a notable shift in India’s regional politics. However, the election results remain heavily contested. Outgoing Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has refused to concede, alleging “widespread irregularities” and electoral misconduct.Tensions had already been heightened before the elections due to a controversial revision of the electoral roll. The purge of voters deemed “illegal” resulted in millions, primarily from Muslim and minority communities, losing their voting rights. Critics claim this disenfranchisement skewed the election outcome, while the BJP defends the process as a necessary legal correction of voter records. The TMC has announced it will challenge the legitimacy of the election in the Supreme Court, citing the voter purge and alleged polling misconduct.The 2026 election was defined by two key shifts: the BJP’s consolidation of Hindu votes and the collapse of the TMC’s dominance over Muslim voters, with the Muslim vote fragmenting among Congress, Left parties, and smaller regional parties.

1. Ellis-Petersen, H. (2026, May 8). Tensions high in West Bengal after BJP aide shot dead and hundreds arrested. The Guardian.

2. Mukhopadhyay, N. (2026, May 7). The BJP’s Bengal victory exposes the erosion of Indian democracy. Al Jazeera.

3. Sebastian, M. (2026, May 7). West Bengal election: Suvendu Adhikari’s aide Chandranath Rath shot dead in post-poll violence.

4. Biswas, S. (2026c, May 5). Mamata Banerjee, West Bengal election results 2026: India’s fiercest female politician faces a fight for survival.

5. Biswas, S. (2026b, May 4). West Bengal: Modi’s BJP conquers one of India’s toughest political frontiers.

6. Bhattacharya, S. (2026, April 12). SIR in West Bengal: How exclusion of nine million voters could shape state politics.

7. Halder, D., & Halder, D. (2026, May 7). Bengal is notoriously prone to political violence. It didn’t start with TMC-BJP rivalry. ThePrint.

Saturday, May 9, 2026

Moscow scales back Victory Day parade amid ongoing conflict in Ukraine and security concerns

Moscow observed Victory Day on Saturday with a scaled-back military parade on Red Square, an event Russian officials attributed to security concerns amid the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The annual holiday commemorates the Soviet Union’s defeat of Nazi Germany. It honors the 27 million Soviet citizens, including many from modern-day Ukraine, who lost their lives in World War II. While the parade has historically showcased Russia’s heavy military hardware, this year’s physical procession was notably devoid of tanks and heavy ground vehicles. Instead, the Kremlin used digital displays and state television broadcasts to showcase the nation’s latest weaponry, including the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile, the Arkhangelsk nuclear submarine, and the S-500 missile system. The physical parade consisted primarily of marching units, including Russian service members from the front lines in Ukraine and, notably, North Korean troops. In an eight-minute address from the viewing stands, President Vladimir Putin linked the historical victory over Nazism to the current “special military operation” in Ukraine. He praised Russian troops for confronting what he described as an “aggressive force” backed by the entire NATO, maintaining that Russian forces continue to advance despite that. The scaled-down nature of the event highlights the operational pressures on the Russian military as the conflict enters its fifth year without a decisive resolution. Beyond the immediate security concerns in Moscow, the war has exerted significant pressure on Russia’s military capacity, domestic stability, and economic health. Russia’s economy, now heavily reliant on war production, is showing signs of exhaustion. GDP growth for 2026 is forecast at roughly 1%, with the budget deficit reaching approximately 4.5 trillion rubles in the first quarter, surpassing the initial projection for the entire year.

1. Quénelle, B. (2026, May 9). Pour Vladimir Poutine, une parade sans éclat afin de célébrer la victoire soviétique sur l’Allemagne nazie. Le Monde.fr.

2. Jazeera, A. (2026, May 9). Scaled-back Victory Day parade held in Moscow. Al Jazeera.

3. Vorobyov, N. (2022, May 6). Russia: What is Victory Day, and why is it important this May 9? Al Jazeera.

4. Tharoor, I. (2016, May 9). How the Soviet Union helped save the world from Hitler during World War II | The Independent. The Independent.

5. Ullah, Z. (2026, May 8). Putin’s scaled down Victory Parade getting smaller by the day. CNN.

6. Davies, A. (2026, May 9). Putin denounces Nato at scaled back Russia’s Victory Day parade.

7. Peigen, P. (2026, May 8). Russia’s federal budget deficit widens in first 4 months of 2026. The Star.

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS

World Week in Review

The week’s diplomatic gravity sat in the Persian Gulf. Iran’s foreign minister Abbas Araghchi shuttled between Islamabad and Moscow after a planned meeting with US envoys was canceled, and Iran’s parliament voted 261 of 290 to back the negotiating team’s 14-point response on reopening the Strait of Hormuz. The White House said President Donald Trump was unhappy with the proposal. Gulf voices sharpened: the United Arab Emirates announced on April 28 that it would leave OPEC effective May 1 after years of frustration with production quotas and weeks of Iranian missile and drone strikes on Emirati territory, while separately stating that Iran cannot be trusted over the strait. Washington and Tehran also clashed at the United Nations over Iran’s appointment to a non-proliferation body, which Washington called a “bitter irony” and Iran answered by accusing the US of economic terrorism.

Israel’s military, meanwhile, was operating on three fronts at once. Its chief of staff publicly warned of “unethical incidents” given simultaneous deployments in Iran, Lebanon, and Gaza. Israeli strikes killed at least ten people in southern Lebanon on Tuesday despite a declared ceasefire, and Israeli forces intercepted a Gaza-bound aid flotilla in international waters; the flotilla said armed boats surrounded it and threatened kidnapping.

The Pentagon confirmed the withdrawal of about 5,000 US troops from Germany, framed as a consequence of Trump’s clash with the German leader over the Iran war. Trump signaled further reductions might follow, and NATO publicly requested clarification. In a separate move on May 1, Trump said he would raise tariffs on European Union auto imports to 25%.

The Ukrainian drone campaign against Russian refineries showed up in the production data. Sustained strikes on facilities at Tuapse, Ust-Luga, and Primorsk have now damaged or destroyed roughly 20% of Russia’s refining capacity since early 2024, and Moscow cut April crude production by 300,000 to 400,000 barrels per day, the sharpest monthly drop in about six years. Russia launched a record number of drones in March; Ukraine intercepted 92%.

Beijing pressed Taiwan on three fronts. President Lai Ching-te canceled a state visit to Eswatini on April 21 after Mauritius, Madagascar, and Seychelles revoked overflight permissions for his aircraft, the first time third countries have invoked the “one China” policy to obstruct Taiwanese officials in transit. The Chinese carrier Liaoning transited the strait on April 20, and Chinese warships entered waters near the Penghu Islands on April 27. Lai called the pattern “grey-zone operations.”

JNIM’s offensive across the Sahel claimed Kidal in northern Mali, as the rival FLA retreated and Russian-affiliated personnel reportedly evacuated. Al Jazeera placed the offensive in the wider regional context of state collapse across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. In Washington, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on former DRC president Joseph Kabila over alleged support for the M23 rebellion in eastern Congo.

The week opened with two world records on the same London street. Kenya’s Sabastian Sawe ran the men’s marathon faster than two hours, a barrier the sport has chased for decades, and Ethiopia’s Tigist Assefa broke the women’s record on the same course. Sawe returned home to a hero’s welcome in Nairobi.

This week in depth

Sunday: Australia’s FM embarks on Asian tour to discuss energy security.

Monday: Bahrain revokes citizenship of 69 people for allegedly supporting Iran.

Tuesday: Famine conditions deepen in Sudan’s Darfur region.

Wednesday: Ukraine requests seizure of vessel carrying grain stolen by Russia

Thursday: Brazilian Congress approves bill reducing Bolsonaro’s sentence.

Friday: Azerbaijan summons EU envoy over Karabakh resolution.

Saturday: Widespread flooding in Kenya kills 10 .

Sunday, April 26, 2026

Australia’s FM to visit China, South Korea, Japan to discuss energy security amid Middle East instability

Australia’s Foreign Minister Penny Wong announced this week a planned diplomatic visit to Japan, China, and South Korea. The tour will focus on energy security concerns stemming from ongoing disruptions in the Middle East. In her official statement, Wong said that meetings with her regional counterparts aim to ensure effective coordination amid current upheaval in global energy markets. In Tokyo, Wong is scheduled to meet with Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi to discuss energy and fuel security, as well as the broader implications of the conflict. Following that, she will travel to Beijing to co-chair the eighth Australia-China Foreign and Strategic Dialogue with China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi. Wong stated that the discussions are intended to advance the full range of bilateral interests while managing existing differences. The final portion of the trip will be in Seoul, where Wong will meet with South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun. Wong has identified South Korea as one of Australia’s most vital sources of refined fuels. This diplomatic push comes as Australia, which relies heavily on fuel imports, manages local supply shortages triggered by the ongoing conflict between Iran and the United States and Israel, which is disrupting crucial transit routes through the Strait of Hormuz— a chokepoint for roughly 20–25 percent of the world’s seaborne oil trade and approximately 20 percent of its liquefied natural gas.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 26). Australia’s Wong to visit Japan, China, South Korea to discuss energy security. Reuters.

2. take, L. (2026, April 27). Asia trip fuelled by need to secure energy access. AAP News.

3. Schmidt, N. (2026, April 26). Wong’s Asia mission as ceasefire holds. Herald Sun.

4. Whiting, N., & Dziedzic, S. (2026, April 28). Penny Wong to press Asian countries for fuel guarantees during regional tour. ABC News.

5. Rowlands, L. (2026, April 18). Australia scrambles to secure energy as war on Iran fuels uncertainty. Al Jazeera.

6. Power, J. (2026b, March 30). Australia to halve fuel tax as global energy crisis deepens. Al Jazeera.

7. Stan, A. M. (2026, May 1). Australia’s $22 billion answer to the question the Hormuz crisis asked. TNW | Au.

Monday, April 27, 2026

Bahrain revokes citizenship of 69 individuals amid allegations of pro-Iran sympathies

Bahrain’s Interior Ministry announced the revocation of citizenship for 69 individuals, citing alleged sympathy for Iran’s hostile actions and collaboration with foreign entities. The statement, released on Monday, indicated that those affected, including both accused individuals and their family members, were of non-Bahraini origin. This decision was made pursuant to royal directives from King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, in accordance with Article 10/3 of the Bahraini Nationality Law. That article permits revocation of citizenship in cases deemed harmful to the kingdom’s interests or in violation of loyalty obligations. The ministry emphasized that authorities are continuing a thorough review of citizenship statuses to determine future eligibility. The move has drawn criticism from organizations such as the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD). Advocacy Director Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei condemned the revocations as “the beginning of a dangerous era of repression,” noting that the decisions were imposed without legal safeguards or any right of appeal. BIRD noted that this is the first citizenship revocation of this nature in Bahrain since 2019, following a period in which at least 990 nationals had their citizenship revoked between 2012 and 2019. Bahrain has long-standing sectarian tensions between its Shia Muslim majority and the Sunni monarchy that governs it. Many within the Shia community allege discrimination in various sectors, including employment and political representation. The government’s alliance with the United States and Israel, particularly regarding the attack against Iran, has exacerbated those divides and fueled protests within the kingdom. In response, Bahrain has taken measures such as citizenship revocation to maintain control and suppress potential dissent, raising further questions about the balance between security and civil liberties in the region.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 27). Bahrain revokes citizenship of 69 people for “glorifying or sympathising with” Iranian attacks. Reuters.

2. Tari, D. (2026, April 27). Bahrain strips 69 people of citizenship over Iran support. Al Jazeera.

3. Uddin, R. (2026, April 27). Bahrain revokes citizenship of 69 people in connection with Iran war. Middle East Eye.

4. Jazeera, A. (2026c, April 13). Bahrain summons Iraqi envoy as pro-Iranian attacks persist in Gulf. Al Jazeera.

5. Schaer, C. (2026, April 28). How the Iran war is bringing back “citizenship as a weapon.” dw.com.

6. BIRD. (2019, February 20). Revocation of citizenship – Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy.

7. How Bahrain is Oppressing its Shia Majority. (2020, October 28). Human Rights Watch.

Tuesday, April 28, 2026

UNICEF issues urgent “child alert” as five million children face extreme hunger in Darfur

On Tuesday, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that more than five million children across Sudan’s Darfur region face extreme deprivation. To signal that the situation has reached a critical threshold as the country’s civil war enters its fourth year, the agency issued an emergency warning known as a “Child Alert” — only the second such alert ever issued for Darfur, the first having been published in 2005. The ongoing conflict, which began in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has reignited violence and ethnically charged killings in the area. The humanitarian crisis has attracted significantly less global attention than earlier conflicts, with UNICEF reporting that its humanitarian appeal for Sudan this year is funded at just 16 percent. In February, the United Nations-backed Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) found that famine-level acute malnutrition had been exceeded in two additional localities in North Darfur, Um Baru and Kernoi. The broader humanitarian crisis extends into neighboring South Sudan, where aid workers reported that local authorities denied requests to deliver emergency relief to displaced people in an isolated village called Nyatim, in Jonglei state. Reports indicate that dozens of people have died in the area, including suspected cases of starvation. Concerns over aid distribution are a recurring issue in the region. Armed groups in South Sudan, including the national military, have a long history of diverting humanitarian supplies for military purposes, a pattern that has worsened the already dire situation in this fractured country.

1. Poidevin, O. L. (2026, April 28). Children at “breaking point” in Darfur as they face extreme hunger and violence, UN says. Reuters.

2. UNICEF. (2026, April 28). “Children in Darfur have reached a breaking point”.

3. Buechner, M. M. (2026, April 29). Crisis in Darfur: Children at a breaking point. Forbes.

4. Reuters. (2026, April 15). Explainer: Why is Sudan at war, and what is the impact? Reuters.

5. Special Reports. (2023, September 22). Slaughter in Sudan. Reuters.

6. Poidevin, O. L., & Nafisa Eltahir. (2026, February 5). Malnutrition reaches famine levels in two more areas of Sudan’s North Darfur, monitor says. Reuters.

7. Falzetta, J. (2026, April 28). Hungry people in South Sudan struggle as humanitarian aid is denied | AP News. AP News.

Wednesday, April 29, 2026

Ukraine requests seizure of vessel carrying grain stolen by Russia

Ukraine has formally asked Israeli authorities to seize the Panormitis, a Panama-flagged bulk carrier managed by Greece-based Royal Maritime Inc., alleging it is carrying stolen grain from Russian-occupied territories. The request sparked a diplomatic dispute between the two countries over the shipment’s origin and handling. Ukrainian Prosecutor General Ruslan Kravchenko said on Telegram that the Panormitis, then bound for the port of Haifa, was carrying grain, some of which had been transferred from another vessel before heading to Israel. According to Ukrainian investigative journalists who first broke the story, a significant portion of the cargo originated in occupied Berdyansk, on the Sea of Azov, and was transferred to the Panormitis at sea before it departed from the Russian port of Kavkaz. Kyiv called on Israeli officials to search the ship, seize documentation, and question the crew. The vessel’s management company denied the allegations. A Royal Maritime Inc. official told Reuters that all legal documentation in its possession, including the cargo’s certificate of origin, confirmed that the grain was Russian in origin. Israel also said that Ukraine had not provided sufficient evidence to support its theft claims. Meanwhile, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha pledged to pursue Russia’s “shadow grain fleet” and its international enablers. He said that between January and April, 25 vessels made approximately 50 voyages from occupied ports, exporting more than 850,000 tons of grain from occupied Ukrainian territories. More than half originated from the port of Sevastopol, with an additional 13 percent shipped from the Azov Sea ports of Mariupol and Berdyansk. These figures represent Ukrainian government data and have not been independently verified. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, Ukraine has frequently accused Moscow of illegally exporting grain from occupied eastern Ukraine and Crimea, which Russia annexed in 2014. Russia has denied such claims and declined to comment specifically on the Panormitis, saying it would not become involved.

1. Dysa, Y. (2026, April 29). Ukraine asks Israel to seize vessel it says is carrying grain stolen by Russia. Reuters.

2. Jazeera, A. (2026e, April 29). Ukraine asks Israel to seize ship carrying grain ‘stolen’ by Russia. Al Jazeera.

3. Gritten, D. (2026, April 28). Ukraine accuses Israel of receiving shipments of grain “stolen” by Russia.

4. Sauer, P. (2026, April 30). Ukraine asks Israel to seize vessel it claims is carrying grain stolen by Russia. The Guardian.

5. Pruchnicka, A. (2026, April 28). Ukraine in diplomatic tussle with Israel over grain Kyiv says “stolen” by Russia. Reuters.

6. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 15). Ukraine broaches “stolen” Russian grain cargo on call with Israel. Reuters.

7. Peter, B. L. (2022, June 8). Is Russia exporting grain from Ukraine?

Thursday, April 30, 2026

Set backs for Lula as Brazil’s congress moves to reduce Bolsonaro’s prison sentence

Brazil’s Congress on Thursday voted to override a presidential veto and pass a bill that would significantly reduce the prison sentence of former President Jair Bolsonaro, who was sentenced to 27 years and three months in September 2025 for plotting a coup after his 2022 election loss. The move was the second major congressional defeat handed to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in a single week. Supporters of the bill describe the measure as a necessary check on judicial overreach, arguing that Bolsonaro’s original sentence was disproportionate and politically motivated. Opponents, including Lula, warn that the legislation threatens the rule of law by providing leniency for crimes against democracy. Analysts say the new law, which alters how prison terms are calculated for coup-related offenses, could reduce Bolsonaro’s sentence by up to 20 years. The bill, initially approved by Congress last December, was vetoed by Lula, who cited constitutional concerns. Congress overrode that veto on Thursday. The legislation is expected to face a Supreme Court challenge; a Workers’ Party lawmaker has already announced plans to file an appeal arguing it is unconstitutional. Bolsonaro is currently serving his sentence under house arrest. A Supreme Court justice granted him a 90-day temporary reprieve in late March 2026 after he was hospitalized with pneumonia and kidney problems, conditions related in part to injuries from a 2018 stabbing. The arrangement is subject to reassessment. The veto override came one day after the Senate delivered Lula a separate political blow: by a vote of 42 to 34, it rejected his nomination of Solicitor General Jorge Messias to the Supreme Court, the first time since 1894 that the Senate had blocked a president’s high court appointee. Messias, 46, has served as Brazil’s solicitor general since the start of Lula’s current term in 2023 and is a close legal adviser to the president. Analysts note that both votes represent a significant weakening of Lula’s position in Congress ahead of October’s presidential election, in which he is seeking a fourth term.

1. Brito, R. (2026, April 30). Brazil’s Lula suffers heavy defeat as Senate rejects Supreme Court nominee. Reuters.

2. Marasciulo, M. (2026, April 29). Brazil Senate rejects Lula’s Supreme Court nominee in historic defeat. Courthouse News Service.

3. Reuters Staff. (2025, November 20). Lula taps Brazil’s solicitor general for Supreme Court seat. Reuters.

4. Brito, R. (2025, October 9). Brazil Justice Barroso to leave Supreme Court, opening new appointment for Lula. Reuters.

5. Rogero, T. (2026, April 30). Brazil’s congress approves bill reducing prison sentence of former president Jair Bolsonaro. The Guardian.

6. Mann, T. (2026, May 1). Brazil’s Congress approves plan to drastically cut Bolsonaro’s jail term.

7. Armstrong, K. (2025, November 26). Brazil: Bolsonaro ordered to start serving 27-year prison sentence for coup plot.

Friday, May 1, 2026

Azerbaijan summons EU ambassador over parliamentary resolution on treatment of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians

Azerbaijan’s Foreign Ministry summoned the European Union’s ambassador on Friday to formally protest a European Parliament resolution concerning the treatment of ethnic Armenians and the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. The summoned official was EU Ambassador Marijana Kujundzic, to whom Baku presented a diplomatic note. The resolution, passed by the European Parliament on Thursday, calls for the immediate and unconditional release of Armenian prisoners of war, detainees, and hostages it characterizes as “unjustly detained.” It also reaffirms EU support for the rights of ethnic Armenians displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh and demands accountability for the alleged destruction of Armenian cultural and religious heritage in the region. Azerbaijan’s Foreign Ministry rejected the resolution, calling it “unfounded and biased.” Baku maintained that ethnic Armenians left the territory voluntarily following Azerbaijan’s military offensive in September 2023 and that those held in Azerbaijani custody are accused of serious offenses, including war crimes, and are not entitled to prisoner-of-war status. The diplomatic friction follows decades of conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but was governed by ethnic Armenians after the Soviet Union’s collapse. Following Baku’s military operation, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population, estimated at roughly 100,000 people, fled to Armenia. Several former Karabakh leaders were convicted in Baku in February 2026, with sentences ranging from 20 years to life imprisonment, in trials that international human rights organizations have condemned as unfair and lacking due process. In response to the European Parliament’s resolution, Azerbaijan’s parliament, the Milli Majlis, voted unanimously on Friday to suspend all cooperation with the European Parliament and to initiate procedures to withdraw from the EuroNest Parliamentary Assembly, a regional inter-parliamentary forum. Lawmakers accused the European Parliament of conducting “anti-Azerbaijani activities, slander, and smear activities.”

1. Nailia Bagirova. (2026, May 1). Azerbaijan summons EU envoy in row over treatment of Karabakh Armenians. Reuters.

2. Newsroom. (2026, May 1). Azerbaijan summons EU envoy over European Parliament resolution on Karabakh Armenians. Türkiye Today.

3. Staff, A., & Staff, A. (2026, May 1). European Parliament condemns Azerbaijan’s ‘Unjust detention’ of Armenian POWs. Asbarez.com.

4. Nailia Bagirova, & Papachristou, L. (2026, February 17). Former Karabakh official Vardanyan gets 20 years in Azerbaijani prison. Reuters.

5. Singh, A. (2024, January 6). How Azerbaijan found victory, and Armenia defeat, in Nagorno-Karabakh. Fair Observer.

6. Action, C. F. P. (2026b, February 18). Tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Global Conflict Tracker.

7. Crisis Group . (2023, September 16). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Visual Explainer | International Crisis Group. Crisisgroup.org.

Saturday, May 2, 2026

Kenya flood death toll rises to 10 as authorities issue urgent alert over rising dam levels

Heavy rainfall across Kenya has caused at least 10 fatalities and widespread infrastructure damage, prompting government authorities to warn of flood risks for downstream communities. Police confirmed on Saturday that the deaths occurred across several regions, with seven fatalities reported in eastern Kenya.

In Nairobi, the Kenya Red Cross is providing emergency relief in the densely populated Mukuru Kwa Njenga area amid unconfirmed reports of missing persons and marooned households. The severe weather has also disrupted transport networks across the country. Police reported that two bridges were damaged in Kwale County on the coast and in Kitui County in the east, while a landslide in Elgeyo Marakwet County in the Rift Valley blocked the Iten-Kabarnet road near Kolol. The Kenya National Highways Authority said repairs are under way and that traffic has been diverted to alternative routes. Separately, the Ministry of Interior and National Administration placed the lower Tana River basin on high alert, warning that heavy rainfall in the upper Tana region, including areas around Mount Kenya, has significantly increased inflows into the Seven Forks hydropower dam system. Officials said that controlled water releases are being made at several dams to regulate levels, but warned that if rainfall continues and the Kiambere Dam reaches capacity, larger volumes of water could be released downstream, threatening communities in the Tana River Delta, home to more than 100,000 people. The ministry identified the period around May 2 and 3 as the highest-risk window, with potential flooding in towns including Garissa, Hola, and Garsen. The rains fall within Kenya’s normal March-to-May wet season, but authorities say intense downpours and saturated ground have significantly elevated the risk of further flooding and landslides.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, May 2). Kenya flood death toll hits 10 as dam overflow risk raises alarm. Reuters.

2. Huaxia. (2026, May 2). Flash floods kill at least 10 in Kenya amid heavy downpours. Xinhua.

3. Kenya floods: 10 dead as dam overflow risk sparks high alert | News.az. (2026, May 2). News.az.

4. AfricaNews. (2026, May 1). Kenya floods leave roads impassable in Syokimau. Africanews.

5. Kenya floods death toll nears 170 as president vows help for his country’s “victims of climate change.” (2024, April 30). CBS News.

6. Price, K. (2026, March 10). Following months of drought, floods in Kenya kill more than 40 people. Inside Climate News.

7. Kenya: Floods expose decades of corruption, poor urban planning and bad land management - Alliance for Science. (2024, May 3). Alliance for Science.

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World Week in Review

The Iran war consumed global attention this week as a fragile ceasefire proved more fragile than cease. On April 5, U.S. special operations forces completed the rescue of a second crew member from an F-15E Strike Eagle shot down over Iran, extracting both airmen alive from mountainous terrain in an operation U.S. President Donald J. Trump said involved 155 aircraft. Three days later, the U.S. and Iran agreed to a two-week ceasefire mediated by Pakistan, sending oil markets tumbling in relief. That relief lasted roughly 24 hours. By April 9, Iran had re-closed the Strait of Hormuz to commercial shipping, accusing Israel and the United States of violating the truce. Vice President Vance, joined by envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, flew to Islamabad for direct talks with Iranian officials, but the session collapsed after 21 hours without agreement. The nuclear question and the Strait remain the core impasses, with the ceasefire set to expire April 22 and no next round scheduled.

The war’s ripple effects reached even the logistics of Central African diplomacy: peace talks between the DRC government and M23 rebels were relocated from Doha to Switzerland after repeated Iran-linked missile attacks on Qatar, with negotiations set to begin April 13. Nine million Congolese remain displaced, among the world’s largest and least-covered displacement crises.

Russia and Ukraine agreed to a 32-hour Orthodox Easter ceasefire beginning April 11 and exchanged 175 prisoners each in a swap mediated by the UAE. Ukraine’s Zelenskyy promised to honor the truce but warned of a swift response to violations, and within hours, Ukrainian officials reported Russian drone strikes continuing despite the declared pause.

In Beijing, Chinese President Xi Jinping hosted KMT leader Cheng Li-wun at the Great Hall of the People on April 10, the first meeting between the heads of the Chinese Communist Party and Taiwan’s main opposition party in over a decade. Xi called people on both sides of the Strait “one family.” The meeting comes ahead of a planned Trump-Xi summit in May, where Taiwan is expected to feature prominently.

The UK paused its deal to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius after sustained opposition from the Trump administration, which had called the agreement “an act of great stupidity.” The deal would have secured a 99-year lease on Diego Garcia, the strategic joint US-UK military base in the Indian Ocean, but there is now not enough time in the current UK parliamentary session to enshrine it into law.

Sudan approaches the third anniversary of its civil war on April 15 with 14 million displaced, more than 20 million in need of health assistance, and both the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces attacking hospitals. In Myanmar, international relief agencies reported a significant void in American disaster response following the March 28 earthquake, with USAID staffing and budget cuts limiting the agency’s rapid-response capacity. Peru headed to the polls on April 12 with 35 candidates vying to become the country’s ninth president in less than a decade.

And one piece of genuinely good news: NASA’s Artemis II crew splashed down off San Diego on April 10 after a ten-day lunar flyby, the first crewed mission beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17 in 1972. The four-person crew, which included Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen, broke Apollo 13’s distance record at 252,756 miles from Earth. For Maine, the presence of a Canadian crew member on humanity’s return to the Moon is a small reminder that the country’s closest neighbor and largest trading partner

NOTE: Due to planned staff leave we will only be publishing an abbreviated version of the Seven in Seven on April 19th and 26th. Please look for a survey on the newsletter soon!

Sunday, April 5, 2026

Ukraine and Syria agree to cooperate on security ties

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy continued his tour of Middle Eastern nations with a meeting in Damascus on Sunday, April 5, with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, during which both leaders committed to enhancing security cooperation. The visit marked Zelenskyy’s first trip to Syria since diplomatic relations were formally restored in September 2025 — nine months after the fall of longtime Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad in December 2024. Zelenskyy arrived in Damascus alongside Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, whose presence enabled a trilateral dialogue from the outset of the visit. In a statement after the talks, Zelenskyy said the leaders addressed security and defense, the regional implications of the ongoing U.S.-Israeli war on Iran, and prospects for energy, food security, and infrastructure collaboration. As tensions in the region have escalated since the United States and Israel launched coordinated military strikes on Iran on February 28, 2026, Zelenskyy has reached out to countries across the region, offering Ukraine’s expertise in countering drone and missile attacks developed during its now five-year conflict with Russia. Syria, which lacks effective air defenses against Iranian drones or missiles, has emerged as a natural partner in this effort. The two sides also agreed to reopen embassies in Kyiv and Damascus “in the near future,” building on a ninefold surge in bilateral trade since diplomatic relations were restored. Ukraine has indicated it hopes to serve as a significant grain supplier and energy cooperation partner for Syria, though both areas remain in the framework stage rather than concluded agreements. By positioning Kyiv as a partner in Syria’s reconstruction, Ukraine is working to establish a broader strategic presence in the Middle East — a region where Russia’s influence has diminished significantly since the collapse of the Assad government, though Moscow retains military bases on Syrian territory that are currently under renegotiation.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 5). Ukraine, Syria agree to cooperate on security, Zelenskiy says. Reuters.

2. Mohamed, E. (2026b, April 5). Ukraine and Syria to cooperate on security, Zelenskyy says. Al Jazeera.

3. Vakulina, S. (2026, April 6). Ukraine and Syria to cooperate on security in unexpected military alliance. Euronews.

4. Struck-Feshchenko, J. (2026, April 6). Kyiv expands Middle East footprint as Zelensky meets Syria’s leader. Kyiv Post.

5. Struck-Feshchenko, J., & Zakharchenko, K. (2026, April 3). Ukraine exporting war Expertise: Zelensky details Middle East Defense cooperation. Kyiv Post.

6. Temnycky, M. (2026, April 9). Ukraine turns to Middle East as U.S. and EU aid slows amid Iran war. Forbes.

7. Vakulina, S. (2026a, March 26). Facing European cold shoulder, Ukraine turns to Middle East partners. Euronews.

Monday, April 6, 2026

Bangladesh launches vaccination campaign following measles outbreak that claimed 100 young lives

Bangladesh is administering emergency measles and rubella vaccinations in response to a severe outbreak that has killed more than 100 children in under a month. In partnership with the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the Gavi vaccine alliance, the government launched the emergency campaign on Sunday, April 5, targeting children aged 6 months to 5 years across 30 upazilas in 18 high-risk districts, with expansion to four city corporations from April 12 and a full nationwide rollout planned for May 3. The campaign aims to reach more than 1.2 million children, according to a joint announcement from health authorities and international partners. UNICEF Representative Rana Flowers said the outbreak “highlights critical immunity gaps, particularly among zero-dose and under-vaccinated children,” adding that infections among infants under nine months, who are not yet eligible for routine vaccination, are “especially alarming.” Official data show more than 900 confirmed measles cases among over 7,500 suspected cases reported since March 15, with the outbreak now spanning 56 of Bangladesh’s 64 districts. Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes fever, respiratory symptoms, and a distinctive rash, and can lead to severe or fatal complications, particularly in young children; the WHO recommends that at least 95% of the population be vaccinated to stop transmission effectively. Health officials attribute the outbreak to accumulated immunity gaps caused by the suspension of mass immunization campaigns during COVID-19 and further disruptions to vaccine procurement following Bangladesh’s 2024 political upheaval. Since Bangladesh’s Expanded Programme on Immunization launched in 1979, vaccination rates rose from 2% to 81.6%. UNICEF has cautioned that even minor disruptions can allow immunity gaps to accumulate over time.

1. Bangladesh rushes to vaccine children as measles kills 100 | AP News. (2026, April 7). AP News.

2. Ellis-Petersen, H. (2026, April 7). Bangladesh launches measles vaccination drive as child death toll passes 100. The Guardian.

3. Measles outbreak kills at least 15 in Bangladesh. (2026, April 3). NBC News.

4. Ewe, K. (2026b, April 6). Measles: Why Bangladesh is seeing a deadly spike in cases.

5. Chennabasava, Y. (2026, April 7). Bangladesh launches emergency measles vaccination after 100 child deaths. The Morning Voice.

6. Schreiber, M. (2026, January 21). The return of measles: how a once-vanquished disease is spreading again. The Guardian.

7. United Nations. (2006, February 22). Bangladesh Launches Largest Ever Measles Vaccination Campaign | unfoundation.org. Unfoundation.org.

Tuesday, April 7, 2026

Reform UK threatens to block visas for countries demanding slavery reparations

Nigel Farage, leader of Reform UK, announced on Tuesday a controversial proposal, dubbed the “Reparations Lock,” to deny visas to citizens of countries seeking reparations for transatlantic slavery. The move follows a UN General Assembly resolution, tabled by Ghana and approved 123-3 approximately two weeks earlier, that designated the transatlantic slave trade as “the gravest crime against humanity”; the UK was among those that abstained. Zia Yusuf, the party’s home affairs spokesman, called reparations demands “insulting” and “offensive,” arguing they overlook what he described as Britain’s role as “the first major power to abolish slavery and enforce this ban.” The CARICOM Reparations Commission swiftly condemned the proposal as a “legacy of toxic racism” that ignores both historical atrocities and their modern-day consequences, including economic underdevelopment and racial disparity. Professor Sir Hilary Beckles, Chair of the CARICOM Reparations Commission, called for a “dialogue of decency” on reparatory justice and said the opposition reflected “lingering racial inequality and historical bias.” While the reparations movement has gained momentum, Prime Minister Keir Starmer has maintained a preference for “looking forward” rather than engaging in “endless discussions about past reparations,” a position Downing Street has since reiterated. For Reform UK, which holds eight parliamentary seats but leads some opinion polls ahead of elections expected in 2029, the proposal serves as both a policy statement and a way to sharpen the party’s stance on diplomatic and immigration policy. If implemented, the “Reparations Lock” would immediately halt all new visas to nationals of 17 nations that formally demand reparations, including 11 Caribbean states (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago), three African nations (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria), and Belize, Guyana, and Suriname.

1. Demony, C. (2026, April 7). Reform UK threatens to deny visas to citizens of countries demanding reparations. Reuters.

2. Wheeler, R. (2026, April 7). Reform would deny visas to countries seeking slavery reparations.

3. Chibelushi, W. (2026b, March 25). UN votes to recognise enslavement of Africans as “gravest crime against humanity.”

4. Mason, C. (2024, October 26). Time has come for reparations conversation, say Commonwealth leaders.

5. Islam, F. (2024, October 24). Slavery reparations: Rachel Reeves rejects calls for UK to act.

6. Landale, J. (2024, October 24). What could reparatory justice for slavery look like?

7. Nevett, B. J. (2023, August 23). UK’s £18tn slavery debt is an underestimation, UN judge says.

Wednesday, April 8, 2026

Afghanistan and Pakistan reach agreement to ease tensions after deadly cross-border clashes

Following Chinese mediation in Urumqi, the capital of China’s Xinjiang region in northwestern China, Afghanistan and Pakistan concluded seven days of informal peace talks on April 7 and agreed not to take actions that could further escalate or complicate the situation. Mao Ning, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson, announced the outcome on April 8, stating that “the three parties agreed to explore a comprehensive solution to the issues in the relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and clarified the core and priority issues that need to be addressed.” She added that the three sides acknowledged “terrorism is the core issue affecting the relationship.” The current conflict escalated in late February when Pakistani airstrikes reportedly hit civilian areas in Afghanistan, prompting Taliban forces to launch retaliatory military operations along the Durand Line. Pakistan has accused Afghanistan of harboring militants responsible for deadly attacks within its borders, particularly those linked to the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), an organization distinct from but allied with the Afghan Taliban. Kabul has firmly rejected these allegations. After the talks, Afghan Foreign Ministry spokesperson Abdul Qahar Balkhi confirmed the discussions had concluded and expressed gratitude to Beijing for facilitating the meetings. Pakistan’s government and Foreign Ministry issued no public comment on the talks or their outcome. Both sides agreed to maintain communication through what Mao Ning described as the “Urumqi Process.” UN reports covering the early phase of the conflict (February 26 to March 2) documented at least 42 civilian deaths and 104 injuries in Afghanistan, with overall casualties on both sides numbering in the hundreds. A Pakistani airstrike on a Kabul drug rehabilitation center in mid-March reportedly killed more than 400 people, though that toll could not be independently verified. Displacement figures from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees put the number of people forced from their homes at approximately 115,000 on the Afghan side and 3,000 in Pakistan as of early March, with total displacement reaching around 118,000 by March 7.

1. Castillo, E. E. (2026, April 9). China says Afghanistan and Pakistan agree not to escalate conflict | AP News. AP News.

2. Ahmed, M., & Castillo, E. E. (2026, April 2). Pakistan confirms peace talks with Afghanistan’s Taliban in China | AP News. AP News.

3. Yawar, M. Y., Sayeed, S., & Shahzad, A. (2026, March 3). Pakistani and Afghan troops clash, UN says 42 Afghan civilians killed. Reuters.

4. Yawar, M. Y., & Shahzad, A. (2026, March 2). Pakistan, Afghanistan show no signs of stepping back as fighting enters fifth day. Reuters.

5. Reuters Staff. (2026, February 27). From sponsor to enemy: What’s behind Pakistan’s attack on Afghan Taliban? Reuters.

6. Ahmed, M., Becatoros, E., & Castillo, E. E. (2026, February 27). Fighting escalates between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here’s what to know | AP News. AP News.

7. The Associated Press. (2026b, February 22). Pakistan claims to have killed at least 70 militants in strikes along Afghan border. NPR.

Thursday, April 9, 2026

Venezuela’s acting president announces plans for a ‘responsible increase’ in workers’ wages amid economic challenges

Venezuela’s Acting President, Delcy Rodriguez, has announced her government’s plan to implement a “responsible increase” in wages for workers, as her administration seeks to leverage oil and mining developments to raise salaries. Speaking to her cabinet at the Miraflores Presidential Palace, Rodríguez revealed the formation of a commission that will include representatives from the government, the business community, the active labor force, and pensioners. The commission will evaluate labor conditions, address precariousness, and strengthen the social security system. Rodríguez acknowledged existing shortcomings in areas such as working hours, vacation entitlements, and pensions, asserting that the current social security system is unsustainable due to insufficient contributions from both active workers and the private sector. She confirmed that an income increase for workers will take effect on May 1, though she did not specify whether it would be implemented through a revised minimum wage or non-wage bonuses. Rodríguez cautioned that any salary adjustments must be “responsible” to avoid exacerbating inflation. Currently, Venezuela’s minimum wage has not been altered since March 2022, remaining at 130 bolívares per month, which was roughly US $30 at that time but has now plummeted to about $0.27 based on the official exchange rate. U.S. sanctions have significantly impacted the Venezuelan economy, leading the government to rely on non-wage bonuses issued in bolívares but pegged to a fixed U.S. dollar amount. Rodríguez has consistently called for an end to these sanctions, as relations between the U.S. and Venezuela have shown signs of improvement since the apprehension of President Nicolas Maduro in a raid on Caracas earlier this year. The Trump administration has been collaborating with Rodríguez and is looking to expand U.S. involvement in Venezuela’s oil and mining sectors, which Rodríguez hopes will help increase wages.

1. Moleiro, A., Singer, F., Moleiro, A., Singer, F., Moleiro, A., & Singer, F. (2026, April 9). Delcy Rodríguez announces ‘responsible’ minimum‑wage increase for Venezuela. EL PAÍS English.

2. Cano, R. G. (2026c, April 9). Venezuela’s acting president asks workers for patience and promises May wage increase | AP News. AP News.

3. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 8). Venezuela’s Rodriguez announces “responsible increase” to wages from May. Reuters.

4. Ricardo. (2026, April 9). Venezuela: Rodríguez Announces Labor, Pension, Tax Reforms - Venezuelanalysis.

5. Economics Observatory. (2026, January 12). Why did Venezuela’s economy collapse? - Economics Observatory.

6. Cano, R. G., & Sedensky, M. (2026, January 9). Venezuelans struggle with crumbling economy | AP News. AP News.

7. Cano, R. G., & Sedensky, M. (2026b, January 10). Facing a 682% inflation rate, Venezuelans work three or more jobs and still can barely afford any food. “Everything is so expensive” | Fortune.

Friday, April 10, 2026

Djibouti’s president seeks sixth term after scrapping constitutional age limits

Just over 256,000 eligible voters in Djibouti headed to the polls on Friday in a race widely expected to extend President Ismail Omar Guelleh’s 27-year rule. At 78, Guelleh sought a sixth term after the National Assembly voted unanimously in October 2025 to scrap a constitutional age limit of 75 for presidential candidates — the second time in 15 years the constitution has been tailored to keep him in power, following the removal of term limits in 2010. “The elimination of age limits in Djibouti is less about actual electoral competition and more about maintaining regime consistency within a strategically important state,” said Mohamed Husein Gaas, Director of the Raad Peace Research Institute. “While it raises alarms regarding democratic deterioration, outside parties are likely to focus on stability due to Djibouti’s vital role in Red Sea security and global trade routes, particularly given the ongoing tensions in the Middle East,” he stated. While the incumbent’s campaign centered on “stability,” critics and human rights groups pointed to a history of suppressed political freedoms and lopsided results, noting that Guelleh secured more than 97% of the vote in 2021 — in an election the main opposition boycotted. In this presidential election, Guelleh faced only one challenger, Mohamed Farah Samatar of the Unified Democratic Centre, a party holding no parliamentary seats. Several international observers from the African Union and the League of Arab States monitored the proceedings. Preliminary results released Saturday showed Guelleh winning with 97.8% of the vote; official turnout was reported at 80.4%, though AFP journalists observed low participation at polling stations throughout the day.

1. Staff, A. J. (2026o, April 10). Djibouti votes as long-time leader seeks sixth presidential term. Al Jazeera.

2. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 10). Djibouti’s Guelleh expected to win sixth term after age limits lifted. Reuters.

3. Reuters. (2021, April 10). Djibouti’s President Guelleh wins fifth term with 97% of votes. Reuters.

4. Staff, A. J. (2026o, April 9). Djibouti elections: Who’s running against Guelleh and what’s at stake? Al Jazeera.

5. Ali, F. (2026, April 8). ‘Our geography is our oil’: Why Djibouti hosts many foreign military bases. Al Jazeera.

6. Ali, F. (2025, October 26). Djibouti lifts presidential age limit, paving way for sixth Guelleh term. Al Jazeera.

7. Political deadlock and intensified repression, three months prior the presidential election. (2016, January 19). International Federation for Human Rights.

Saturday, April 11, 2026

New Zealand braces for Cyclone Vaianu as evacuation orders are issued

On Saturday, New Zealand authorities issued evacuation orders across parts of the North Island as Cyclone Vaianu approached, with heavy rain and wind gusts up to 130 km/h (80 mph) expected to arrive on Sunday. The national weather service, MetService, warned that the storm could cause significant flooding in Auckland, the country’s most populous city of 1.7 million, and local civil defence agencies warned of waves up to 13 meters (43 feet) and landslides in coastal regions. Regional states of emergency were declared in Northland and Waikato, including the Coromandel Peninsula. In Hawke’s Bay, mandatory evacuations were ordered Saturday for residents in Waimarama, Ocean Beach, Te Awanga, and Haumoana, while the Whakatāne District Council advised residents to prepare for at least a two-day displacement. Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, who had warned on Friday that the cyclone could inflict significant damage, urged those in its path to clear drains, check on neighbors, and be ready for potential power outages. The system was projected to move west of the Chatham Islands by Monday. The arrival of Vaianu drew comparisons to Cyclone Gabrielle in February 2023, which caused 11 deaths, displaced an estimated 10,000 people, and stands as the costliest tropical cyclone on record in the Southern Hemisphere with total damage estimated at NZ$14.5 billion (US$9.2 billion). New Zealand’s geological and climatic exposure is severe: reinsurers rank the country second globally in natural hazard risk, while flooding is its most frequent natural disaster, with more than 80 damaging floods recorded between 1968 and 2017.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 11). New Zealand braces for Cyclone Vaianu, flooding possible for Auckland. Reuters.

2. Reporter, G. S. (2026, April 11). New Zealand’s North Island braces for Cyclone Vaianu with thousands ordered to evacuate. The Guardian.

3. Floods, damage to New Zealand’s North Island as Cyclone Vaianu set to make landfall. (2026, April 12). ABC News.

4. The Peninsula Newspaper. (2026b, April 11). New Zealand braces for Cyclone Vaianu, thousands evacuated. The Peninsula Qatar.

5. McClure, T. (2024, November 8). Cyclone Gabrielle worst storm to hit New Zealand this century, says PM. The Guardian.

6. Reuters Staff. (2023, February 19). New Zealand’s cyclone death toll at 11, thousands still missing. Reuters.

7. Corlett, E. (2026, January 28). New Zealand could see more deadly landslides as climate crisis triggers intense storms, experts warn. The Guardian.

Infographic of theWeek: Measles Cases Globally

Source: Provisional monthly measles and rubella data. (2026, April 9) World Health Organization (WHO).

Maine and the World

All four members of Maine’s congressional delegation weighed in on the conflict. On April 6, Sen. Angus King issued a statement calling the war “illegal from the start,” arguing that the Constitution designates the war power to Congress and that the administration had launched military operations “without consulting the American people” and without “a single public hearing.” King warned that further escalation risked $8-a-gallon gasoline and a global recession, and noted that the Strait of Hormuz was open before hostilities began. Rep. Chellie Pingree, responding to the president’s Easter Sunday social media post threatening to bomb Iranian power plants and bridges, called for invoking the 25th Amendment, stating that the president had spent Easter “openly talking about committing war crimes.” Rep. Jared Golden, who had previously voted against the war powers resolution, defended his position, arguing that American service members are actively engaged in hostilities and that the Iranian regime “is more desperate than ever to reassert its power.” Sen. Susan Collins stated that she opposes deploying ground troops to Iran and that congressional authorization would be “completely required” for such action, while continuing to support the air campaign against Iran’s nuclear and missile capabilities.

On April 9, King and Collins appeared together at Bath Iron Works with Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Daryl Caudle, touring manufacturing and training facilities. The visit came as the Navy’s budget request funded only one DDG-51 Arleigh Burke-class destroyer for BIW, down from the two both senators had expected. King called the reduction a “mistake,” and both senators argued that more ships are needed to keep pace with China’s fleet of nearly 400 warships. Collins also toured Portsmouth Naval Shipyard with Admiral Caudle, receiving updates on submarine maintenance and infrastructure modernization she had secured funding for through recent appropriations legislation.

On April 8, the Maine State Chamber of Commerce hosted a webinar, “The Iranian Conflict, Energy Markets, and Maine’s Energy Strategy Ahead,” featuring Ambassador (ret.) Robert Cekuta of the World Affairs Council of Maine alongside the Chair of the Maine Public Utilities Commission and Competitive Energy Services. The panel examined how the Strait of Hormuz closure is driving fuel costs that fall especially hard on Maine, where heating oil prices have risen 41 percent since the war began.

The Governor’s International Breakfast was held on April 7 with the Maine International Trade Center. Since 1997, this flagship event has brought together economic, academic, and government leaders to discuss Maine’s place in the global economy. The morning kicked off with a moderated panel highlighting the ways engaging with the world has bolstered Maine’s economy. Ben Ford, Honorary Consul for Iceland in Maine, described how Eimskip’s arrival in Portland opened Nordic trade connections and means it now costs less to ship to Tromsø, Norway, than to California by surface. Celina Cunningham, Deputy Commissioner of the Maine Department of Energy Resources, reminded the audience that 50 percent of Maine homes heat with oil and that 90 percent of the state’s petroleum comes from Canada. She also remarked that opportunities to engage with experts and officials around the world is part of why Maine has the fastest-growing clean energy economy in New England. Ben Conniff of Luke’s Lobster cited the New England Ocean Cluster, modeled on Iceland’s, as an example of how international openness drives innovation. In her official address, Gov. Janet Mills recapped international highlights of her administration, which included addressing the UN General Assembly, speaking at the Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavik, forging a research partnership with Finland on the forest economy, promoting floating offshore wind in Denmark, Norway, and Scotland, and co-hosting a cross-border summit with northeastern governors and Canadian premiers. Along with Ford, the breakfast was attended by the Consul General for Germany and the Honorary Consuls for France and Canada, as well as the Quebec Delegation in Boston.

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World Week in Review

The U.S.-Israeli war with Iran, now in its second month, continued to reshape U.S. relationships with allies, adversaries, and the international legal order this week.

NATO and European allies. On March 31, President Trump threatened to withdraw the United States from NATO, calling the alliance a “paper tiger” after European members declined to join the Iran campaign. Secretary of State Marco Rubio echoed the threat on April 1, despite being a co-author of the 2023 law requiring two-thirds Senate consent for NATO withdrawal. On April 1, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the war’s original objectives had been “met” and called for de-escalation, though Australia has deployed a Wedgetail surveillance aircraft and 85 defense personnel to the UAE to help counter Iranian missile attacks.

Russia-Ukraine. On April 1, Russia claimed “complete liberation” of Luhansk oblast, calling it the first Ukrainian region fully under Moscow’s control since the 2022 invasion. Ukraine disputed the claim, saying Russia holds roughly 99.8 percent of Luhansk and that Ukrainian forces repelled 144 assaults in the preceding 24 hours.

Latin America. Cuba’s energy crisis deepened after the U.S. military raid in Caracas this January captured Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on drug trafficking charges and cut off Venezuelan oil shipments. On March 30, Trump said he had “no problem” with a Russian tanker, the Anatoly Kolodkin, delivering 730,000 barrels of oil to the island; Leavitt called the decision “not a policy change”On April 1–2, the U.S. reopened its Caracas embassy and lifted Treasury sanctions on Venezuelan acting president Delcy Rodríguez, whose government simultaneously moved to take control of Citgo Petroleum, which is Venezuela’s most valuable overseas asset.

Myanmar. On April 3, Myanmar’s junta-appointed parliament elected coup leader Min Aung Hlaing as president in a 429-126 vote, formalizing military rule five years after the February 2021 coup that ousted the elected National League for Democracy government. The vote paves the way for a military-controlled general election later this year that opposition groups, the U.S., and the EU have already dismissed as a sham. Civil war continues across much of the country, with resistance forces controlling significant territory in the north and west.

Taiwan and China. KMT Chairwoman Cheng Li-wun will travel to China April 7–12 to meet President Xi Jinping — the first sitting KMT chair to visit the mainland in a decade, timed weeks before Trump’s planned May summit with Xi in Beijing. Beijing refuses to engage with Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te, whom it labels a “separatist,” and uses KMT contacts as its preferred cross-strait channel. Cheng has opposed Taiwan’s own NT$1.25 trillion (roughly $39 billion) defense budget proposal, which U.S. officials have urged Taipei to pass.

U.S.-Canada border. On March 29, the Trump administration announced that Border Road — a 14-kilometer informal crossing between Coutts, Alberta, and Sweet Grass Hills, Montana, in use for more than 80 years — will close to Canadian traffic on July 1; Alberta has allocated approximately CA$8 million for a replacement road.

Easter around the world. For Western Christian traditions, this was Holy Week (Orthodox sects mark Easter on April 12). Celebrations took place around the world, including in Seville, Spain, where hooded nazarenos carried centuries-old processions of Semana Santa.

This week in depth

Sunday, March 29, 2026

Israel restricts Christian Holy Week observance across Jerusalem

On Palm Sunday, Israeli police barred the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, along with Friar Francesco Ielpo, from entering the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to celebrate Mass — the first time in centuries that the Catholic Patriarch was denied access to the site where Christians believe Jesus was crucified and resurrected. The incident drew international condemnation and exposed the far broader pattern of restrictions Israel has imposed on Christian observance of Holy Week and Easter. Since the escalation of the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran on February 28, Israeli authorities have closed the Old City’s major holy sites — the Holy Sepulchre, the Western Wall, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque complex — to worshippers, citing the risk of mass casualties in narrow streets lacking bomb shelters, with Iranian missile fragments landing within meters of the Holy Sepulchre itself. Church sources report that only about 6,000 permits were issued this year for West Bank Christians to travel to Jerusalem for Easter, out of a Palestinian Christian community numbering roughly 50,000; permits were concentrated among older applicants and remained contingent on checkpoint passage. U.S. Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee called the Pizzaballa incident “an unfortunate overreach”; French President Emmanuel Macron called it a violation of the right to worship freely; Italy formally summoned Israel’s ambassador in Rome. After the backlash, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced the ban on Cardinal Pizzaballa would be lifted, and Israeli police and the patriarchates negotiated a limited-access arrangement for the remainder of Holy Week: small groups of Franciscan friars led by the patriarchs were admitted to the Holy Thursday and Good Friday rites, and Cardinal Pizzaballa presided over an Easter Vigil celebrated on the morning of Saturday, April 4, inside a basilica with “the doors still closed.” Attendance at the Greek Orthodox Holy Fire ceremony, the central liturgy of the Orthodox Pascha, was capped at roughly fifty persons inside the Holy Sepulchre, with the ceremony broadcast to the rest of Jerusalem on video screens. Greek Orthodox Patriarch Theophilos III pressed Israeli authorities for full reopening of the church. Church leaders and human rights groups have characterized the cumulative restrictions as a deliberate constraint on Christian worship in the Holy Land.

1. Israeli police block Catholic figures from Palm Sunday Mass at Jerusalem’s Holy Sepulchre. (2026, March 29). NBC News.

2. Church: Israel infringing on freedoms by limiting attendance at Holy Fire event. (2026). The Times of Israel.

3. Lidman, M., & Winfield, N. (2026, March 29). Israeli police prevent Palm Sunday Mass at Jerusalem church | AP News. AP News.

4. Sawafta, A., & Lubell, M. (2026, March 29). Israel blocks Cardinal from Jerusalem’s Holy Sepulchre on Palm Sunday, sparking outcry. Reuters.

5. Lidman, M. (2026, March 29). Subdued Passover and Easter in Jerusalem as Iran war rages | AP News. AP News.

6. Under Israeli restrictions, Palestinian Christians mark quiet Holy Week. (2026, April 5). Al Jazeera.

7. Holy Fire Ceremony to Proceed in Jerusalem Symbolically and Limited (2026). Athens Times.

Monday, March 30, 2026

Putin orders vaccine push as Siberian cattle outbreak spreads

Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on Monday to boost the production of animal vaccines following a cattle disease outbreak that caused the unpopular mass culling of livestock in the Siberian region of Novosibirsk. The deaths of thousands of animals sparked rare wartime protests, with farmers calling for the resignation of senior agricultural officials. A March 20 report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service, citing “local sources and trading contacts,” suggested that the scale of control measures “may indicate an unverified outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease” and raised concerns about vaccine sufficiency and potential trade consequences. Russia’s agricultural watchdog, Rosselkhoznadzor, rejected the USDA’s claims, stating that foot-and-mouth vaccinations had been ongoing in Novosibirsk since 2022 under regular monitoring. Before 2022, Russia imported roughly 70 percent of its animal vaccines; following Western sanctions imposed over the invasion of Ukraine, that ratio has reversed, with watchdog head Sergei Dankvert saying in 2024 that domestic production now covers up to 70 percent of need. The outbreak’s reach then expanded. On April 3, China’s agriculture ministry confirmed a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces — 219 cattle across two herds testing positive for the SAT-1 serotype, the first detection of that strain in China. Xinjiang borders the Altai region where most of Russia’s culling, now estimated at roughly 90,000 head since February, has taken place. Neither Chinese nor Russian domestic vaccines cover SAT-1, which is endemic to Africa and was likely introduced “from abroad,” according to Chinese authorities. China has begun tightening border controls and culling exposed livestock, while Russia continues to deny that foot-and-mouth is circulating in Novosibirsk.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 30). Russia overhauls vaccine production after cattle disease triggers mass culling. Reuters.

2. Sasikumar, D. (2026, March 31). Russian President Putin signs decree to boost domestic animal vaccine production. Business Upturn Trade & Policy.

3. Gleb Bryanski. (2026, March 20). Russia says multiple cattle illnesses are complicating Siberian outbreak. Reuters.

4. Gleb Bryanski. (2026, March 19). Russia vows compensation for culled cattle after farmers protests. Reuters.

5. Gleb Bryanski. (2026, March 18). Cattle disease spreads in Russia amid scepticism over diagnosis. Reuters.

6. Gleb Bryanski. (2026, March 17). Russia’s Novosibirsk region declares cattle disease emergency as culls spark farmer protests. Reuters.

7. Юлия Макеева. (2024, May 30). Sergei Dankvert announced a significant increase in the production of domestic vaccines for animals. Агроэксперт.

Tuesday, March 31, 2026

Japan and Indonesia strengthen energy security partnership amid global energy uncertainty

Japan and resource-rich Indonesia reached a significant agreement on Tuesday aimed at strengthening economic ties and boosting energy security cooperation, as both countries face growing uncertainty over oil and gas supplies amid the conflict in the Middle East. “In light of the situation with Iran, the global recognition of the importance of resources and energy security is becoming increasingly clear,” Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi said during a joint news conference with Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto in Tokyo. The two leaders signed roughly ten memoranda of understanding and strategic business deals worth an estimated $23.6 billion, and jointly pledged to push for de-escalation in the Middle East, with Prabowo saying both countries would use their “best efforts to convince all parties to deescalate.” Prabowo emphasized collaboration on processing vital minerals, including rare earths, and on renewable energy and nuclear power. Under a memorandum signed on March 15, the two countries plan to cooperate on a new nuclear plant — potentially in Indonesia’s West Kalimantan — using Japanese expertise and development-bank financing, per Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry. A central goal is to stabilize supply chains for liquefied natural gas. Japan, one of the world’s top LNG importers with roughly a quarter of its supply coming from Indonesia, relies on the Middle East for over 90 percent of its oil. After the 2011 Fukushima disaster, Japan reversed course to support nuclear power and is pursuing Southeast Asian partnerships toward net-zero carbon targets. Indonesia is also exploring nuclear: last year it announced plans to build two small modular reactors on a southern island by 2034, with foreign partners reported to have submitted formal proposals to collaborate on the project.

1. Yamaguchi, M. (2026c, March 31). Japan, Indonesia focus on energy cooperation as concerns grow over Iran war fallout | AP News. AP News.

2. Dominguez, G. (2026, April 1). At Japan-Indonesia summit, energy security takes center stage amid war in Middle East. The Japan Times.

3. Nippon. (2026, March 31). Japan, Indonesia leaders agree to cooperate on energy security.

4. Delgado, A. L. (2026, March 26). Southeast Asia looks to nuclear power for AI data centers | AP News. AP News.

5. titin eka. (2026, March 16). Indonesia-Japan cooperation for stronger energy security - OBSERVER - the latest information about Indonesian news and social culture.

6. Yamaguchi, M. (2026a, February 2). Japan retrieves rare earth sediment from seabed | AP News. AP News.

7. Japan-Indonesia Summit Meeting (Summary) | Diplomatic Relations | Prime Minister’s Office of Japan. (2026, March 31). Prime Minister’s Office of Japan.

Wednesday, April 1, 2026

UN-backed force leader arrives in Haiti with Chadian troops to combat gang crisis

Jack Christofides, a veteran South African UN official, arrived in Haiti on Wednesday as Special Representative of the UN-backed Gang Suppression Force (GSF), accompanied by an advance team of Chadian troops. The deployment marks a significant step in efforts to combat the criminal coalitions now controlling roughly 90 percent of Port-au-Prince. Since the 2021 assassination of President Jovenel Moïse, gangs have seized critical infrastructure, displaced more than 1.4 million people, and driven violence into rural areas. The GSF is phasing in to replace the Kenyan-led Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission, which struggled with chronic underfunding, failure to meet its 2,500-personnel target, and serious allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by some Kenyan personnel. Unlike the MSS, the GSF is authorized to conduct offensive operations and make arrests, independently or alongside Haitian police, and it has a broader counterinsurgency mandate. Chad has committed up to 800 personnel to lead this more aggressive phase. According to the announced rollout, roughly 50 Chadian troops are on the ground in early April, with approximately 350 expected by month’s end and the remainder through June; Chadian forces are expected to gradually replace the Kenyan contingent through October. The GSF’s authorized ceiling is 5,500 personnel under an initial 12-month UN Security Council mandate (Resolution 2793). Notably, the April 1 arrival took place without an official ceremony or formal announcement from Haitian authorities — a reflection of the contested political environment into which the force is entering.

1. Isaac, H., & Morland, S. (2026, April 1). New leader of UN-backed force arrives in Haiti with Chadian advance team. Reuters.

2. 24, F. (2026, April 2). First Chadian police arrive in Haiti to join UN-backed Gang Suppression Force. France 24; FRANCE 24.

3. Blaise, J., & Blaise, J. (2026, April 2). Leader of UN-backed force and first Chadian troops arrive in Haiti as deployment begins. The Haitian Times.

4. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 17). Chad to gradually replace Kenyan force in Haiti through October, Dominican Republic says. Reuters.

5. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 20). Chad plans to send 800 security personnel to Haiti, official says. Reuters.

6. Bland, A. (2023, January 12). Haiti crisis: how did it get so bad, what is the role of gangs, and is there a way out? The Guardian.

7. Timeline: Haiti’s history and current crisis, explained. (2024, June 25).

Thursday, April 2, 2026

Argentina expels Iran’s top diplomat after designating IRGC terrorist organization

On Thursday, Argentine Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno announced that the government had declared Iran’s chargé d’affaires, Mohsen Soltani Tehrani, “persona non grata” and ordered his expulsion within 48 hours. The decision followed a statement from Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs accusing Argentine President Javier Milei — a close ally of U.S. President Donald Trump — and Quirno of complicity in military attacks on Iranian territory. Quirno characterized Iran’s allegations as “false, offensive, and unfounded claims against the Argentine Republic and its highest authorities.” Soltani Tehrani warned that the expulsion “only exacerbates the situation.” While not a formal severance of relations, analysts described the move as an effective end to active engagement, noting that Argentina’s embassy in Tehran is largely inactive. Days earlier, Argentina had formally designated Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps a terrorist organization, citing the IRGC’s alleged role in the 1992 bombing of the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires and the 1994 AMIA Jewish community center bombing — the deadliest terrorist attack in Argentine history, which together killed over 100 people. The Milei administration pointed to Iran’s “persistent refusal” to cooperate with the Argentine investigations. Iran called the designation a “strategic mistake” and a violation of international law. In a statement issued through its Montevideo embassy on April 3, Iran’s foreign ministry called the expulsion an “illegal action” taken “under the influence of the occupying and genocidal Zionist regime and the United States” and warned that Milei and Quirno had placed themselves “on the wrong side of history,” though Tehran had not announced formal retaliation as of April 5. Under Milei, Argentina has aligned sharply with Washington and Jerusalem, abandoning its previous neutrality on Middle East conflicts.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 2). Argentina expels Iran’s charge d’affaires. Reuters.

2. Carroll, R. (2026, April 3). Argentina expels Iranian diplomat after listing IRGC as “terrorist” organization. AL-MONITOR.

3. Staff, A. J. (2026k, April 2). Argentina expels Iranian diplomat amid rift over blacklisting IRGC. Al Jazeera.

4. Jazeera, A. (2006, October 27). Iran rejects Argentina bomb charge. Al Jazeera.

5. Sigal, L. (2025, June 26). Argentina to try ex-Iran officials in absentia for deadly 1994 Jewish center bombing. Reuters.

6. Reuters Staff. (2026, April 1). Argentina designates Iran’s IRGC a terrorist organization, aligning with US. Reuters.

7. Humeyra Pamuk. (2026, March 16). Rubio tells US diplomats to push allies to blacklist Iran’s Revolutionary Guards and Hezbollah. Reuters.

Friday, April 3, 2026

UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): fuel costs push global food prices to highest in six months

The cost of providing food is rising again. On Friday, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reported that global food prices surged in March, with the FAO Food Price Index reaching 128.5 points — its highest level since September 2025 and up 2.4 percent month-over-month. A volatile mix of factors is driving the increase, which could accelerate if the Middle East conflict continues to push energy costs higher and disrupt supply. Sugar and vegetable oils led the rise: sugar prices climbed 7.2 percent in March to their highest since November 2025, partly on expectations that higher crude oil prices will lead Brazil, the world’s top sugar exporter, to divert more cane to ethanol. Vegetable oil prices rose 5.1 percent for the third consecutive month, with palm, soy, sunflower, and rapeseed oil all pushed up by surging energy prices and rising biofuel demand; palm oil hit its highest level since mid-2022. Rice prices fell 3.0 percent on seasonal harvest timing and lower import demand. Meat prices rose 1.0 percent, driven by higher pig meat prices in the European Union and higher beef prices in Brazil, while poultry slipped. The cereal price index rose 1.5 percent from the previous month, largely on a 4.3 percent jump in international wheat prices driven by worsening U.S. crop forecasts and expected planting cuts in Australia amid higher fertilizer costs. The FAO warned that with fertilizer prices also climbing, farmers may reduce spring planting, further tightening supplies if the Middle East conflict persists.

1. de, S. (2026, April 3). World food price rise set to continue if Iran war lasts, FAO says. Reuters.

2. Okamgba, J., & Okamgba, J. (2026, April 3). Energy costs drive global food prices higher. Punch Newspapers.

3. Almeida, L. (2026, April 4). Food prices spiked in March as Middle East conflict drove up energy costs, UN says. The Guardian.

4. Partridge, J., Swan, L., Scruton, P., & Symons, H. (2026, April 3). ‘Food security timebomb’: a visual guide to the Gulf fertiliser blockade. The Guardian.

5. Swan, L., Symons, H., Wilson, H., & Ambrose, J. (2026, March 11). How Iran has used the strait of Hormuz to throttle oil and gas – a visual guide. The Guardian.

6. Jones, C., & Daniel, A. (2026, March 13). Oil prices fall and stocks rebound after Trump says Iran war could end ‘very soon.’ The Guardian.

7. Partridge, J. (2022, April 11). The three Fs: why UK farmers fear the soaring cost of fertiliser, feed and fuel. The Guardian.

Saturday, April 4, 2026

Indonesia receives bodies of UN peacekeepers killed in Lebanon

The remains of three Indonesian UN peacekeepers killed in southern Lebanon returned home on Saturday. In a ceremony attended by President Prabowo Subianto, uniformed officers carried the coffins of the fallen soldiers as they were brought back amid the escalating regional conflict. The victims were identified as 28-year-old Farizal Rhomadhon, who died after a suspected projectile fired from an Israeli tank detonated, and Zulmi Aditya Iskandar, 33, and Muhammad Nur Ichwan, 26, who were killed the following day when an explosion struck a UNIFIL logistics convoy. The Israel Defense Forces denied direct responsibility and blamed Hezbollah for the explosives and shelling; a UN security source later told AFP, on condition of anonymity, that fire from an Israeli tank was responsible for the first of the two attacks. Both incidents occurred after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered the IDF on March 29 to expand its ground invasion of southern Lebanon. Indonesian Foreign Minister Sugiono called for a thorough UN investigation into the deaths, as the three soldiers were serving with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). “This is a peacekeeping mission; such incidents should not occur,” Sugiono told reporters. “There must be security assurances for peacekeeping personnel.” The UN Security Council issued a statement condemning the killings, and Indonesia has urged the Council to convene an urgent meeting of troop-contributing nations to review safety protocols, as UNIFIL positions are increasingly caught in the crossfire between Israeli forces and Hezbollah. As regional military operations continue to escalate, the three peacekeepers are scheduled to be buried on Sunday. The Indonesian government has pledged financial support for their families.

1. Mohamed, E. (2026, April 4). Indonesia receives bodies of peacekeepers killed in southern Lebanon. Al Jazeera.

2. The Straits Times. (2026, April 4). Indonesia receives bodies of peacekeepers killed in Lebanon. The Straits Times.

3. Staff, A. J. (2026k, March 30). Two more UN peacekeepers killed in explosion in southern Lebanon: UNIFIL. Al Jazeera.

4. Staff, A. J. (2026k, March 29). Netanyahu orders military to expand invasion of southern Lebanon. Al Jazeera.

5. Staff, A. J. (2026n, April 4). Israeli attacks on southern Lebanon kill two girls, damage hospital. Al Jazeera.

6. Jazeera, A. (2024a, October 15). What is UNIFIL? Al Jazeera.

7. UNIFIL. (2026, April 5). United Nations Peacekeeping.

Infographic of theWeek: Top Contributors to UN Peacekeeping Missions 2024-2025

Maine and the World

On April 1, Senator Susan Collins told reporters she would not support deploying U.S. ground troops hours before the president’s prime time address. She also said the president would need to make his case to Congress before any escalation. Senator Collins has stated she backs the administration’s objective of eliminating Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs but has stopped short of endorsing regime change. The day before, a 501(c)(4) group affiliated with Senate Majority PAC began airing television advertisements against Collins over her March 4 vote, under the tagline “We need that money in Maine, not the Middle East.” Collins said she has used her seniority as Appropriations chair to direct roughly $1.5 billion to more than 630 projects in Maine.

On April 3rd, Representative Jared Golden released a statement arguing that Iran’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has demonstrated Tehran’s ability to extract an economic toll from American households and that U.S. objectives in the conflict should be, in his words, limited and simple. Golden, who voted against the House war powers resolution on March 5, said he does not support ground troops or sustained combat operations. Senator Angus King and Representative Chellie Pingree, who supported war powers measures, were on recess during the week and issued no new international statements.

The war’s costs continued to land in Maine. Heating oil averaged $5.37 per gallon on March 30 in the Maine Department of Energy Resources survey, roughly 41 percent higher than on February 28 and about $425 more per full tank for the half of Maine households that heat primarily with oil. Two guided-missile destroyers built at Bath Iron Works, the USS Spruance and the USS Thomas Hudner, were among the ships that fired Tomahawk land-attack missiles in the opening days of Operation Epic Fury, the U.S. military’s campaign against Iran that began on February 28.

National Guard units across New England have been activated for the conflict, including Vermont’s 158th Fighter Wing and New Hampshire’s 157th Air Refueling Wing. The Maine Army National Guard’s 136th Vertical Construction Company, based in Skowhegan and Lewiston, returned home on February 14 from a five-month deployment to Saudi Arabia under Operation Spartan Shield, two weeks before the Iran war began, and has not yet been called up for this operation.

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World Week in Review

The war on Iran entered its fourth week with no end in sight, despite Washington’s first serious attempt at a diplomatic off-ramp. On Tuesday, the White House circulated a 15-point ceasefire proposal through Pakistani intermediaries, calling on Tehran to roll back its nuclear program, limit its missile capability, and reopen the Strait of Hormuz in exchange for sanctions relief and civilian nuclear cooperation. Tehran called the terms “maximalist and unreasonable” and issued its own five-point counter-proposal demanding reparations, a halt to targeted killings of Iranian officials, and Iranian sovereignty over the strait. By week’s end, Secretary of State Marco Rubio was in France trying to shore up G7 support for the U.S. strategy; the allies agreed to call for a halt to attacks on civilians and the reopening of Hormuz but offered no military backing. Germany’s foreign minister warned against allowing the conflict to erode support for Ukraine.

The Strait of Hormuz remained functionally closed for the fourth consecutive week. Only 21 tankers have transited since the war began on February 28, down from more than 100 daily before the conflict. The downstream consequences are now acute: the Philippines declared a national energy emergency on Tuesday, the first country to do so, with oil reserves down to 45 days and falling. Government offices shifted to a four-day work week. Thailand and Vietnam encouraged remote work; Myanmar imposed alternating driving days. Japan, South Korea, and Thailand began restarting decommissioned coal plants. By Friday, transport workers in Manila went on strike to protest fuel prices, leaving the normally gridlocked capital largely empty. Southeast Asia, home to 700 million people, imports the vast majority of its oil and gas through the strait.

In Ukraine, the war ground through its 1,128th day. Russian forces lost approximately four square miles of territory over the four weeks ending March 24, a modest reversal from months of incremental Russian gains. The cost remained high on both sides: Russia launched 139 drones at Ukraine on March 22 alone, and a strike on Odessa killed one person and wounded twelve, including a nine-year-old boy. The conflict continues largely eclipsed by Iran.

In eastern Congo, the Washington Accords showed tentative signs of life. M23 fighters withdrew from nearly ten villages in North Kivu’s Lubero and Walikale territories, regrouping toward Rutshuru. But fighting between M23 and pro-government forces broke out in the Ruzizi Plain, and the group continues to run a parallel administration in Goma. The pattern is familiar: withdrawals in some areas, consolidation in others.

The UN General Assembly voted 123 to 3 on Tuesday to declare the transatlantic slave trade the “gravest crime against humanity,” with Ghana leading the 54-member African bloc. The resolution calls for formal apologies, the return of cultural artifacts, and dialogue on financial reparations. The United States, Israel, and Argentina voted no; 52 nations, including the UK and most of the EU, abstained. The resolution is non-binding, but it is the most explicit international framing of the slave trade in those terms. And in New York, quietly, delegates from dozens of countries sat down at UN headquarters to begin turning the High Seas Treaty into operational reality. The third preparatory commission, which opened March 22, is the final session before the first Conference of the Parties convenes to govern biodiversity across nearly half the planet’s surface, the vast ocean beyond any nation’s jurisdiction.

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This week in depth

• Sunday: Far-right candidates excel in France’s municipal elections.

• Monday: Benin presidential candidate promises new security force to combat jihadists ahead of election.

• Tuesday: Denmark’s Social Democrats expected to suffer worst election loss.

• Wednesday: Archbishop of Canterbury names first woman as leader.

• Thursday: Philippines and France sign defense agreement.

• Friday: EU and CPTPP reach agreement on historic digital commerce deal.

• Saturday: Heavy rains prompt Russia to declare state of emergency in Dagestan.

Sunday, March 22, 2026

France to elect thousands of new mayors in crucial municipal races

France held the second and final round of municipal elections on Sunday, March 22, completing a two-week process to elect mayors across nearly 35,000 municipalities. The vote was closely watched as a barometer of political sentiment ahead of presidential elections in April and May 2027. The far-right National Rally (RN), which leads in presidential polls, failed to capture major cities it had targeted, losing in Marseille and Toulon. In Marseille, France’s second-largest city, Socialist incumbent Benoît Payan was re-elected; in Toulon, a center-right candidate prevailed. The RN did claim a significant win in Nice, France’s fifth-largest city, through RN ally Eric Ciotti, and retained Perpignan from the first round. In Paris, Socialist Emmanuel Grégoire defeated conservative rival Rachida Dati, extending left-wing control of the capital. Former Prime Minister Édouard Philippe was re-elected mayor of Le Havre, strengthening his position as a likely 2027 presidential contender. First-round turnout of approximately 57 percent was the lowest recorded since 1958, excluding the pandemic-affected 2020 election, reflecting broad disillusionment with mainstream politics. The results presented a mixed picture: traditional parties showed resilience in major urban centers, while the RN consolidated gains in smaller municipalities where it previously had no foothold.

1. Landler, M. (2026, March 22). France Chose Thousands of New Mayors on Sunday. Here’s Why It Matters. The New York Times.

2. RTÉ News. (2026, March 22). Paris and Marseille key as French vote in local elections. RTE.ie.

3. Schofield, H. (2026b, March 22). France’s Socialists hold on to power in major cities in election boost for mainstream.

4. Corbet, S. (2026c, March 17). France’s far right makes gains in first-round municipal elections ahead of runoff | AP News. AP News.

5. Leicester, J. (2026, March 15). Political parties tested as French voters elect municipal leaders | AP News. AP News.

6. Schofield, H. (2026b, March 16). Far-left and far-right gains throw French mainstream parties into a quandary

7. Deley, J. L., & Ganley, E. (2022, June 10). Hard-left leader sees win in French vote, himself as new PM | AP News. AP News.

Monday, March 23, 2026

Benin presidential candidate vows to increase police presence on northern border

Romuald Wadagni, the candidate of the ruling party in the upcoming presidential election in Benin, has pledged to establish municipal police units in towns along the northern border to protect against ongoing attacks by jihadist groups. He shared his vision for these police forces while unveiling his campaign platform ahead of the April 12 election, in which he is expected to win. However, he did not specify how many municipal police officers would be deployed in the region, nor did he discuss the initiative’s financial costs. “The objective will be to ensure that young people are trained, equipped, and empowered to protect their homes, families, siblings, and surroundings,” he stated. Currently, the National Republican Police operate in northern areas alongside military forces. Wadagni, who has served as finance minister under President Patrice Talon since 2016, also emphasized that Benin “has no choice” but to work with neighboring countries to tackle security issues, especially as insurgents active in the Sahel have increased attacks on the borders of Niger, Benin, and Nigeria. The northern regions have seen a rise in violence, posing one of the biggest challenges for Wadagni if he succeeds Talon. Though Benin usually avoids discussing jihadist violence in the north, last April the country reported an attack by the al-Qaeda-linked Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin that killed 54 soldiers. Recently, an incident at a military base in the north claimed 15 soldiers’ lives and injured five others. These attacks caused unrest among soldiers, leading them to attempt a coup against Talon, citing worsening security conditions in northern Benin “alongside the neglect and disregard for our fallen brothers-in-arms.” The plot was thwarted with help from neighboring countries, including Nigeria.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 23). Benin presidential candidate vows new police forces to fight jihadists. Reuters.

2. Editor TO. (2026, March 24). Benin presidential candidate takes aim at jihadists | Africa News | Africa.com. Africa.com.

3. Macdonald Dzirutwe, & Lewis, D. (2026, February 26). Islamist militant attacks on Niger, Benin and Nigeria border zone soaring, research shows. Reuters.

4. Lewis, D., Donati, J., & Kang, K. (2024, September 24). Why West Africa is now the world’s terrorism hotspot. Reuters.

5. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 6). Militants kill 15 soldiers in northern Benin attack, army says. Reuters.

6. Pulcherie Adjoha. (2025, December 7). Benin president says coup bid thwarted, vows retribution. Reuters.

7. Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) | ACLED. (2025, December 11). ACLED.

Tuesday, March 24, 2026

Danish PM faces historic election defeat as coalition talks approach

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen’s Social Democrats won their lowest share of parliamentary seats in more than a century on Tuesday, despite Frederiksen’s prominence in the standoff with Washington over Greenland. The party secured 38 seats in the 179-seat Folketing, down from 50 four years ago. Her left-wing coalition retained a narrow lead with 84 seats to the right-leaning bloc’s 77, according to projections based on full vote counts, but the margin left coalition negotiations uncertain. Frederiksen had campaigned on her international profile, arguing that her leadership was tested and proven through Denmark’s response to U.S. pressure on Greenland and Europe’s stance toward Russia’s war in Ukraine. Voters, however, prioritized domestic concerns: cost of living, welfare services, and immigration policy dominated exit polling. Left-leaning voters expressed dissatisfaction with immigration policies they considered too restrictive, while some on the right viewed Frederiksen as insufficiently firm on economic issues. Turnout data and local media analysis pointed to broad discontent with the political establishment. Frederiksen acknowledged the result but said she remained prepared to lead. “We have had to contend with war; the American president has issued threats against us, and in that nearly seven years, we’ve dropped 4 percentage points, which I think is acceptable,” she stated. Maine’s geographic position as the nearest U.S. state to the North Atlantic and Arctic shipping lanes gives the Danish election’s implications for transatlantic Arctic policy a distinctly local dimension.

1. Jeppesen, S., & Rasmussen, L. (2026, March 24). Danish left-wing bloc leads election but lacks majority, exit polls show. Reuters.

2. Krupa, J. (2026, March 24). Danish PM’s leftwing bloc wins most votes but fails to secure majority – Europe live. The Guardian.

3. Milne, R. (2026, March 23). Danish PM rides Trump Greenland dispute into election resurgence. @FinancialTimes; Financial Times.

4. Jeppesen, S. (2026, March 17). Mette Frederiksen, Denmark’s Trump-defying prime minister, seeks third term. Reuters.

5. Jeppesen, S., & Gronholt-Pedersen, J. (2025, November 19). Danish Social Democrats lose ground in local polls on cost-of-living, welfare concerns. Reuters.

6. Shim, K.-S. (2026, March 23). Kim Jong Un says North Korea’s nuclear status is irreversible, threatens South. Reuters.

7. The Associated Press. (2026b, March 24). Kim vows to “irreversibly” cement North Korea’s nuclear status. NPR.

Wednesday, March 25, 2026

Sarah Mullally becomes first female Archbishop of Canterbury

Sarah Mullally was inaugurated as the first female Archbishop of Canterbury on Wednesday, becoming the spiritual leader of the 85-million-member global Anglican Communion in a ceremony at Canterbury Cathedral. The former nurse took her place in the 13th-century Chair of St. Augustine before 2,000 attendees, including Prince William, Princess Kate, and Prime Minister Keir Starmer. At the start of the ceremony, she knocked on the cathedral’s west door wearing a cope fastened with a clasp inspired by the belt she wore as a nurse in the National Health Service. She also wore a ring given to a predecessor, Michael Ramsey, by Pope Paul VI in 1966, a symbol of the relationship between Anglicans and Catholics centuries after Henry VIII’s split from Rome. Mullally’s appointment in October drew opposition from Gafcon, a conservative faction of Anglican churches concentrated in Africa and Asia, which had considered appointing a rival leader before deciding this month to form a council instead. A representative assembly within the Communion also rejected a proposal for a rotating presidency. The Archbishop’s role is largely symbolic, relying on persuasion rather than the doctrinal authority a pope holds over Roman Catholics, but the appointment carries weight as the Communion navigates divisions over LGBTQ+ inclusion and women’s ordination. The Episcopal Diocese of Maine, which encompasses the entire state with 57 churches and more than 10,000 members, is part of the Anglican Communion. Its bishop, Thomas Brown, consecrated in 2019, was the first openly gay bishop to lead the diocese, placing Maine’s Episcopal community squarely within the progressive-conservative tensions Mullally now inherits.

1. Muvija M. (2026, March 25). Mullally to be installed as first female Archbishop of Canterbury. Reuters.

2. Staff, A. J. (2026j, March 26). Sarah Mullally enthroned as first female archbishop of Canterbury. Al Jazeera.

3. Jazeera, A. (2025b, October 3). Church of England names first female archbishop of Canterbury. Al Jazeera.

4. Jazeera, A. (2024, November 13). Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby resigns in abuse fallout: All to know. Al Jazeera.

5. Cancer nurse-turned-archbishop celebrates election as first woman to lead Church of England. (2026, March 25). NBC News.

6. BBC News. (2026, March 25). Dame Sarah Mullally acknowledges “victims and survivors” as she’s installed as archbishop.

7. Griffiths, R. (2026, March 25). For the first time in more than 1,400 years, Church of England gets a woman leader. NPR.

Thursday, March 26, 2026

The Philippines and France sign military pact amid tensions in the South China Sea

Romuald Wadagni, the ruling coalition’s candidate in Benin’s April 12 presidential election, has pledged to establish municipal police units in towns along the northern border to counter ongoing attacks by jihadist groups. Presenting his campaign platform in Cotonou on March 21, Wadagni — widely expected to win in the absence of a major opposition candidate — did not specify the number of officers to be deployed or the initiative’s cost. “The objective will be to ensure that young people are trained, equipped, and empowered to protect their homes, families, and surroundings,” he said. Wadagni, who has served as finance minister under President Patrice Talon since 2016, also stressed that Benin “has no choice” but to cooperate with neighboring countries on security, as militants from the Sahel have intensified attacks along Benin’s borders with Niger and Burkina Faso. The National Republican Police already operates in the north alongside the military. Security in the region has deteriorated sharply: in April 2025, the al-Qaeda-affiliated Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin killed 54 soldiers in W National Park — the deadliest single attack since jihadist activity began in northern Benin. In March 2026, a separate JNIM raid on a military base in Kofouno killed 15 soldiers and wounded five. Grievances over mounting casualties and what mutineers called the “neglect of our fallen brothers-in-arms” fueled a coup attempt against Talon on December 7, 2025, which was suppressed within hours by loyalist forces backed by Nigerian fighter jets and ground troops.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 27). Philippines, France sign military pact amid South China Sea tensions. Reuters.

2. Azeem, M., & Azeem, M. (2026, March 27). Philippines, France sign military pact amid South China Sea tensions. The Morning News.

3. Monde, L. (2026, March 27). Philippines signs military pact with France for joint operations. Le Monde.fr; Le Monde.

4. Afp, S. W. W., & Afp, S. W. W. (2026, March 27). Philippines, France Pact deepens military cooperation. The Defense Post.

5. République française. (2025, November 19). Political cooperation | France in the Philippines and in Micronesia. République Française.

6. Staff, A. J. (2024, October 11). What’s behind escalating China-Philippines tensions in the South China Sea? Al Jazeera.

7. Jazeera, A. (2023, October 24). Why does China claim almost the entire South China Sea? Al Jazeera.

Friday, March 27, 2026

EU and CPTPP forge Landmark Digital Trade Agreement at WTO Conference

The European Union and members of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership reached an agreement on Friday to advance a digital trade pact, announced on the sidelines of the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The proposed agreement would bring together the EU and the 12-nation CPTPP bloc, including Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Mexico, and Malaysia, to establish a unified framework covering e-commerce, cross-border data flows, and digital storage. Together, the two blocs represent 1.6 billion people and an economic output of $35 trillion. EU officials described the agreement as a potential “blueprint” for future region-to-region digital cooperation. Canada’s Minister of International Trade, Maninder Sidhu, stated: “If this comes to fruition, as we hope it will, it will be historic. This agreement could become the largest trade pact in history.” Sidhu also expressed optimism about finalizing a separate free trade agreement with the Mercosur bloc in South America by autumn 2026. The CPTPP already shapes Maine’s competitive position in global markets. Since the agreement’s entry into force, Maine’s wild blueberry producers have lost ground to Canadian competitors in Japan, where CPTPP members enjoy tariff-free access that American exporters do not. Maine’s lobster industry faces similar dynamics in markets where CPTPP and EU trade preferences give Canadian and European producers a price advantage. A digital trade framework linking the EU and CPTPP would deepen the integration of two blocs in which Maine’s primary export competitors already operate on preferential terms.

1. Poidevin, O. L. (2026, March 27). EU and CPTPP agree to progress with “historic” digital trade deal, Canada’s international trade minister says. Reuters.

2. Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security. (2026, March 27). Joint Ministerial Statement from the EU and the CPTPP at the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference. Trade and Economic Security.

3. Directorate-General for Trade and Economic Security. (2025, November 20). EU launches Trade and Investment Dialogue with Trans-Pacific bloc. Trade and Economic Security.

4. Grain. (2025, July 31). EU, CPTPP explore digital trade pact amid Trump policy shift. bilaterals.org.

5. Canada, G. A. (2025, June 2). Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). GAC.

6. Poidevin, O. L. (2026, March 27). Canada eyes Mercosur pact by autumn. Reuters.

7. Mann, R., Mann, R., & Mann, R. (2026, March 27). Mercosur Canada trade deal could land by September. The Rio Times.

Saturday, March 28, 2026

Russia declares state of emergency in Dagestan amidst severe flooding and power outages

Authorities in Makhachkala, the capital of the southern Russian region of Dagestan, declared a state of emergency on Saturday after heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding and power outages across the region. The city administration announced that emergency services were placed on high alert and that assistance would be provided to those affected. Officials reported that more than 327,000 residents across 283 settlements — with a combined population of 327,183, including 89,705 children — were without power due to the severe weather. Floodwaters inundated streets and approximately 20 homes in the city, with water levels reaching up to 1.5 meters in some areas; more than 83 people, including three children, were evacuated. In Khasavyurt, Dagestan’s second-largest city, heavy rains caused two spans of a railway bridge to collapse on the Khasavyurt–Kadiyurt section of the North Caucasus Railway. No trains were on the bridge at the time, though the line remains suspended. Emergency crews remained on high alert as of Sunday, with forecasters warning that heavy rain would continue through the day.

1. Reuters. (2026, March 28). Russia declares emergency in Dagestan’s capital as floods cut power to more than 327,000 people. Reuters.

2. The Peninsula Newspaper. Widespread floods hit Russia’s Dagestan leaving 327,000 people with no electricity. (2026, March 29). The Peninsula Qatar.

3. Butun, K. (2026, March 28). State of emergency declared in city in Russia’s Dagestan region due to heavy rainfall. Anadolu Agency.

4. Balkan Web. (2018). Massive flooding and power outages, Russia declares state of emergency in Dagestan. Balkanweb.com.

5. Caucasian Knot. (2026, March 28). Residents of Makhachkala complained of problems due to flooding. Caucasian Knot.

6. Haftko, S. (2026, March 29). A state of emergency has been declared in the capital of Dagestan due to large-scale flooding, over 327,000 people are without electricity. УНН.

7. Rospotrebnadzor urged residents of Dagestan to stop drinking tap water. (2026, March 28). Caucasian Knot.

Maine and the World

The Iran war continued to dominate the delegation’s week, though the sharpest action came not from the conflict itself but from the bill it generated. The Pentagon’s request for a $200 billion supplemental appropriation to fund the war landed on Senator Susan Collins’s desk in her capacity as chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, and by midweek Collins told reporters the figure was “considerably higher than I would have guessed.” She noted that her committee had not yet received a breakdown of how the money would be allocated, or whether the request covered only the Department of Defense or extended to agricultural assistance and other domestic accounts. The National Defense Magazine reported on March 25 that Congress still lacked clarity on the request’s scope. Collins, who voted against the Iran war powers resolution on March 4, has not publicly opposed the war but has signaled that the appropriations process will involve serious scrutiny. Representative Chellie Pingree, who co-sponsored and voted for the House war powers resolution that failed 212 to 219 on March 5, called the $200 billion request “shocking” and “outrageous.”

Axios referred to Representative Jared Golden, one of four Democrats who voted against the war powers resolution, as a figure to watch amid reports House Democrats are delaying a second war powers vote until mid-April.

Senator Angus King, who voted for the war powers resolution in the Senate on March 4 and questioned Pentagon officials about Arctic cooperation with Greenland and Denmark at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on March 19, turned to trade on March 27. King and Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) introduced the American Seafood Competitiveness Act, bipartisan legislation that would expand USDA loan and grant programs to commercial fishermen, seafood processors, and mariculture businesses. King separately co-introduced the Expanding Agricultural Exports Act with Senators Ernst (R-IA) and Smith (D-MN) to double federal funding for overseas marketing of U.S. agricultural products, including Maine lobster and blueberries.

At Bath Iron Works, a five-day strike by the Bath Marine Draftsmen’s Association ended Saturday when members ratified a new four-year contract. The timing matters: BIW builds Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, the same warships currently running escort operations in the Persian Gulf and patrolling the Strait of Hormuz. With the Navy stretched thin by the Iran conflict, a prolonged work stoppage at one of only two yards that build the fleet’s primary surface combatant would have consequences well beyond Bath. Meanwhile, Maine households continued to absorb the war’s economic cost. Heating oil averaged $5.40 per gallon statewide as of March 26, up more than 40 percent since the conflict began. Roughly half of Maine households rely on heating oil as their primary fuel source. Both outlets reported the prices as the highest since the weeks following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in late 2022.

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World Week in Review

The war between the United States, Israel, and Iran entered its fourth week with no clear end in sight, though President Trump said Friday his administration was considering “winding down” military operations, even as Israeli jets struck Tehran again overnight. Disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz have pushed crude above $110 a barrel, up roughly 45 percent since fighting began. Trump urged NATO allies to help reopen the strait, warning the alliance faced “a very bad future” if European navies stayed home, and pressed China to lean on Tehran, so far without visible result.

The oil shock’s consequences rippled far from the Gulf. Sri Lanka imposed a four-day work week to conserve fuel. Pakistan and the Philippines ordered shortened government schedules. Cuba, already cut off from Venezuelan oil since January, suffered its third nationwide blackout of the month, leaving 11 million people in the dark.

In Afghanistan, a Pakistani airstrike destroyed Kabul’s Omid Addiction Treatment Hospital on March 16, killing at least 143 people according to the UN (Afghan authorities say more than 400). Pakistan denied targeting any civilian facility. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Turkey brokered a five-day Eid ceasefire starting March 18, but the strike, the deadliest single attack on a medical facility anywhere in years, drew global condemnation and deepened an already volatile border conflict.

Fears of a wider Middle East war persisted. Israeli operations intensified in southern Lebanon while bombardment and humanitarian catastrophe continued in Gaza, prompting commentators to warn that the Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran fronts could merge into a single regional conflict beyond Washington’s ability to contain.

In Ukraine, Russian forces stepped up mechanized attacks along the eastern front in what Western analysts see as shaping operations for a spring-summer offensive. At a Brussels summit, EU leaders approved a €90 billion support loan for Kyiv over the objections of Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, who vetoed the conclusions. Commission President von der Leyen: “We will deliver, one way or the other.”

A new U.S. intelligence assessment concluded that Beijing is not currently planning to invade Taiwan by 2027, easing but not extinguishing fears of war in the Indo-Pacific. Japanese and South Korean commentators asked the harder question: whether America’s Middle East entanglement will drain attention from the region that matters more to long-term U.S. strategy.

South Africa publicly rebuffed Washington’s demand to “cut ties with Iran,” insisting no major power would dictate its foreign policy. Meanwhile, the U.S. pressed a reluctant Brazil to join a critical-minerals trade bloc aimed at reducing Western dependence on Chinese rare earths and battery metals, part of a broader push to build supply-chain alliances that is reshaping resource diplomacy from Africa to Latin America.

Sudan’s civil war, approaching its third anniversary, remained the world’s largest and most neglected humanitarian crisis: 33.7 million in need, 13.6 million displaced, three aid workers killed in an RSF drone strike on a convoy this week. The world’s attention was elsewhere.

Through it all, the calendar offered its own counterpoint. Muslims marked the end of Ramadan with Eid al-Fitr, celebrations shaped everywhere by conflict and economic strain, from Gaza and Sudan to European diaspora communities. On March 20, Kurds and Iranians welcomed Nowruz, setting haft-sin tables and lighting spring bonfires even under the shadow of war. In Kabul, the Eid ceasefire brought a few days of quiet to a battered city. Nowruz (New Day in Persian) is an ancient holiday coinciding with the Vernal Equinox, which means spring has arrived, officially (don’t look outside).This Week in Depth

This Week in Depth

Sunday: Canada and Nordic countries pledge to strengthen their middle-power global partnership.

Canada and the five Nordic nations announced Sunday an agreement to deepen collaboration on military procurement and other areas of shared strategic interest, the latest in a series of moves by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney to build new global partnerships beyond North America. Since taking office, Carney has pursued closer ties with China, the Middle East, India, and Europe, a deliberate effort to reduce Canada’s dependence on the United States and to build what he calls a framework of “middle-power” nations acting collectively on the world stage. The initiative has drawn strong support from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. All five nations share certain structural realities: relatively small populations, export-driven economies, and militaries that, however capable and professional, cannot independently match the weight of larger powers. As Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre put it at the summit, “we are stronger together.” Following the gathering of all six leaders in Oslo, Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen told reporters that “the old world order is gone and probably won’t come back,” and called on the assembled nations to build something new in its place, grounded in shared democratic values and the rule of law. Frederiksen, whose Social Democratic Party faces parliamentary elections on March 24, singled out Carney’s January address to the World Economic Forum in Davos as a galvanizing moment for the middle-power conversation. In that speech, Carney warned that “if we’re not at the table, we’re on the menu.” In a joint statement, the six countries committed to closer cooperation on defense procurement, reaffirmed their support for Ukraine, pledged to champion open international trade, advance green economies, and strengthen Arctic security.

1. Fouche, G., & Rasmussen, L. (2026, March 15). Canada and Nordics focus on military procurement in “middle-power” meet-up. Reuters.
2. Minister, O. O. T. P. (2026, March 15). Nordic countries and Canada to strengthen cooperation. Government.no.
3. Finnish Government. (2026, March 16). Nordic countries and Canada pledge to deepen cooperation. Finnish Government.
4. Baxter, D. (2026, March 16). Carney, Nordic leaders pledge to deepen ties amid world economic coercion. LakelandToday.ca.
5. Blanchfield, M. (2026, January 20). Canada’s Mark Carney calls on world to adapt to “rupture” caused by “great powers.” POLITICO.
6. Bryant, M., & Gedeon, J. (2026, January 18). Trump threatens tariffs against those who oppose him taking Greenland. The Guardian.
7. Adler, K. (2026, February 16). Trump’s new world order is real and Europe is having to adjust fast.

Monday: Kenya and Russia agree to halt recruitment of Kenyan fighters for Ukraine.

Kenya announced Monday that it has reached an agreement with Russia to stop the recruitment of Kenyan citizens to fight in Ukraine, a diplomatic resolution to a controversy that has grown sharper in recent months over the scale of African enlistment in Russia’s military. Kenya’s government says more than 1,000 of its citizens have been drawn into the conflict, lured by monthly salaries worth several thousand dollars and sign-on bonuses of more than $6,000. The announcement followed talks in Moscow between Kenyan Foreign Minister Musalia Mudavadi and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Mudavadi said the two sides agreed no further Kenyans would be enlisted through the Russian Ministry of Defence and that consular support would be arranged for those already under contract. Ukraine’s government estimates that more than 1,700 fighters from 36 African countries are currently serving with Russian forces. Separately, Kenya’s deployment to Haiti is winding down. The Kenyan police contingent leading the United Nations-backed Gang Suppression Force is beginning its withdrawal and will be replaced by forces from Chad, with roughly 800 Chadian officers currently training in the United States.

1. Faulconbridge, G. (2026, March 16). Kenyans will no longer be enlisted to fight for Russia in Ukraine, minister says. Reuters.
2. Otalor, J. (2026, March 16). Russia will stop deploying Kenyan fighters to Ukraine, Musalia Mudavadi says.
3. Staff, A. J. (2026, March 16). Kenya and Russia agree no Kenyans will be recruited for Ukraine war. Al Jazeera.
4. Chibelushi, W. (2026, February 26). Kenyan charged with luring young men to fight for Russia in Ukraine.
5. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 17). Chad to gradually replace Kenyan force in Haiti through October, Dominican Republic says. Reuters.

Tuesday: Somalia’s South West state suspends relations with Mogadishu amid rising tensions.

Somalia’s South West state announced Tuesday the suspension of all cooperation with the federal government in Mogadishu, becoming the third regional administration to break with the central government in less than two years. South West officials accused Mogadishu of supplying weapons to militias and attempting to unseat the state’s president. The rift deepened after the federal government pushed through constitutional amendments that regional leaders say bypassed the consensus-based process Somalia’s provisional constitution requires. The breakdown follows a widening pattern of regional defection. Somaliland has operated independently since 1991. Puntland began distancing itself from Mogadishu in 2024 over the same constitutional disputes, and Jubbaland formalized its own break in December 2025. With the federal government’s mandate set to expire in May 2026, its growing isolation from regional administrations raises serious questions as to whether credible national elections can be held as scheduled.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 17). Somalia’s South West state says it has severed ties with the federal government. Reuters.
2. Growing rift between Mogadishu and South West state heightens risk of conflict. (2026, March 21). Geeska.
3. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 5). Somali parliament backs constitutional changes that could extend president’s term. Reuters.
4. Ferragamo, M., & Klobucista, C. (2025, January 21). Somaliland: the horn of Africa’s breakaway state. Council on Foreign Relations.

Wednesday: Syria announces plan to eliminate banned chemical weapons from the country.

Syria unveiled a plan on Wednesday, backed by Washington and a coalition of international partners, to locate and destroy the remnants of the chemical weapons program that forces loyal to former President Bashar al-Assad used against Syrian civilians throughout the country’s long civil war. The plan was announced at a formal ceremony at the United Nations in New York. For more than a decade, Assad operated an extensive and largely clandestine chemical weapons program. Despite Syria signing the Chemical Weapons Convention in 2013 and declaring a stockpile of roughly 1,300 tons, prohibited use continued. Following Assad’s removal in December 2024, the new government led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa committed to full transparency, granting OPCW inspectors unrestricted access. Syria’s UN Ambassador Ibrahim Olabi described the initiative as a turning point. The effort, formally named the “Breath of Freedom Task Force,” brings together the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Qatar, and Turkey, working alongside the OPCW. Experts say more than 100 previously undeclared sites will need to be inspected.

1. Reuters. (2026, March 18). Syria unveils plan to eliminate Assad’s chemical weapons. Reuters.
2. Reuters. (2017, August 17). How Syria continued to gas its people as the world looked on. Reuters.
3. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 28). Chemical weapons inspectors granted access to Assad-era sites in Syria. Reuters.

Thursday: Deadly cross-border attack kills 17 in Chad.

Chadian authorities said on Thursday that a cross-border drone strike launched from Sudan killed 17 people in eastern Chad, including mourners attending a funeral in the border town of Tine. Both the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces issued statements blaming each other for the attack. The strike is the latest spillover from Sudan’s war, which began in April 2023 between the army and the RSF and has repeatedly pushed violence and refugees into Chad. Following an emergency security meeting, the government said it had tightened security along the border and reserved the right to conduct operations inside Sudan if necessary. President Mahamat Idriss Deby said he had instructed the military to retaliate against any new strike coming from Sudan, calling the attack on Tine a serious violation of Chad’s sovereignty.

1. Reuters Staff. (2026, March 19). Drone attack from Sudan kills 17 in Chad, Chadian government says. Reuters.
2. Staff, A. J. (2026, March 19). Drone attack from Sudan kills 17 people in Chad as war spills over border. Al Jazeera.
3. Rukanga, B. (2026, March 19). Chad President Mahamat Déby warns Sudan he will retaliate after drone strike on mourners kills 17.

Friday: India arrests Ukrainians and American in counter-terrorism operation.

A recent counterterrorism case in India has highlighted the role of foreign fighters and weapons in Myanmar’s conflict. India’s National Investigation Agency has arrested six Ukrainian nationals and one American citizen, alleging they used India’s northeast as a transit route to enter Myanmar and provide drone-warfare training and other support to ethnic armed groups there. Investigators say the suspects entered India on valid tourist visas but travelled into the sensitive border state of Mizoram without the required Restricted Area Permits, then crossed illegally into Myanmar. Since Myanmar’s 2021 military coup plunged the country into civil war, Indian officials have grown more wary of such cross-border ties, particularly in areas where communities on both sides of the frontier share close ethnic connections. They face charges under India’s Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act for alleged conspiracy to carry out terrorism-related activities.

1. Bhattacharyya, R. (2026, March 21). Were Foreign Nationals and Myanmar Rebel Groups Plotting an Attack Against India? The Diplomat.
2. Orlova, A. (2026, March 17). India detains 6 Ukrainians, an American over alleged militia training in Myanmar. Kyiv Post.
3. Afp. (2026, March 18). Seven foreigners arrested in India after allegedly training Myanmar armed groups. Myanmar Now.

Saturday: Czech protests against PM’s government.

Tens of thousands of Czechs gathered in Prague on Saturday for the country’s biggest anti-government rally since 2019, accusing Prime Minister Andrej Babiš’s cabinet of eroding democratic safeguards. Demonstrators filled Letná plain, a traditional protest site overlooking the city, to object to planned cuts in defense spending, possible changes to the financing of public broadcasters, and tighter rules on civil society groups. Particular anger has focused on a draft “foreign agents” law that would require non-governmental organizations and individuals engaged in broadly defined political activity to register with the state if they receive funding from abroad, or face substantial penalties. Opponents say the proposal resembles Russian legislation used to stigmatize critical voices. Václav Pačes, former head of the Academy of Sciences, told the crowd that such a law “can easily be used to restrict personal freedom.”

1. Korinkova, E. (2026, March 21). Czechs rally in country’s largest anti-government protest since 2019. Reuters.
2. Janicek, K. (2026, March 21). Tens of thousands of people in Prague protest against new government of Czech prime minister Babiš. PBS News.
3. Cameron, R. (2026, March 21). Czechs plan major rally as MPs mull “foreign agent” law. dw.com.

Maine and the World

Maine’s Senators held prominent roles at the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence’s annual Worldwide Threats Hearing on March 18. Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) questioned intelligence officials on three areas: the ongoing threat from ISIS and Al-Qaeda, including online radicalization, which she argued has been underfunded as resources shifted toward great-power competition; China’s “Salt Typhoon” intrusions into U.S. telecommunications networks, which went undetected for an extended period; and the “Volt Typhoon” threat to critical infrastructure including the electric grid. Senator Angus King (I-ME) also used the hearing to question officials about pre-war intelligence assessments on Iran, asking whether the intelligence community had assessed before Operation Epic Fury that Iran would likely blockade the Strait of Hormuz, and whether that assessment had been communicated to President Trump. King also noted during the hearing that oil prices in Maine had risen more than 20 percent since the operation began, a point underscored by state energy officials later in the week. Acting Commissioner Dan Burgess reported that “conflicts abroad continue to drive energy prices higher,” with heating oil averaging $4.97 per gallon on March 16, up 30 percent from $3.82 on February 23. Roughly half of Maine households heat with oil.The following day King appeared before the Senate Armed Services Committee on U.S.-Greenland-Denmark cooperation under the 1951 defense treaty. General Francis Donovan confirmed that both countries remain cooperative and that the Pentagon is pursuing expanded defense areas beyond the existing Pituffik base. King, who co-chairs the Senate Arctic Caucus and led a bipartisan delegation to Greenland earlier this year, noted the existing treaty is comprehensive enough that a new agreement is not needed. On March 20, the Military Times reported that Denmark had secretly sent explosives to Greenland in January to destroy runways in the event of a forced takeover.

King and Collins also joined forces on trade. On March 18, King co-led a bipartisan letter with Senator John Hoeven (R-ND) to the U.S. International Trade Commission requesting a formal Section 332 investigation into Canadian practices harming American potato producers. The letter, co-signed by Collins and eight other senators, cites British Columbia antidumping duties whose trigger price was escalated in mid-2025, effectively closing that market to U.S. potatoes, and argues these practices violate the spirit of the USMCA ahead of its upcoming joint review. Maine’s potato industry carries an estimated $1.3 billion economic impact.

Also this week, Seafood Expo North America convened in Boston from March 15 to 17 with exhibitors from 50 countries, and the Maine International Trade Center named Biddeford seaweed producer Ocean’s Balance its Exporter of the Year for sales to China, Mexico, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

NOTE: As of this writing, we did not find any new international or trade actions or statements by or from Representatives Pingree or Golden.

Infographic of the Week: Celebrating Nowruz (New Day)

This week’s infographic explores the science and history behind Nowruz, the Persian New Year celebrated at the vernal equinox. Source: Drbashi. Nowruz is Science - Dr. Bashi. Piktochart Visual Editor.

We thank our members, sponsors, and institutional partners for making this newsletter possible. For information on how to sponsor this newsletter, contact info@wacmaine.org

World Week in Review

Israeli forces intercepted the “Global Sumud Flotilla,” this week as the convoy of boats attempted to reach the Gaza Strip with humanitarian aid. Israel’s foreign ministry claimed the activists on board had ties to Hamas and that there was no actual aid found on the seized vessels. Concurrently, President Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu unveiled a 20-point proposal for Gaza, including terms for a ceasefire, immediate hostage releases, international supervisory mechanisms, and eventual Palestinian statehood, with a Sunday deadline for Hamas to accept the plan. As of Saturday evening, negotiators returned to Cairo for indirect negotiations on implementation.

Tensions escalated between Venezuela and the United States after the U.S. conducted a fourth military strike on a vessel near Venezuelan waters, resulting in four deaths. Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro denounced the attack, invoked emergency security powers, and ordered the deployment of government forces in response. Human rights watchers are raising concerns about the impact of this increased military pressure on the fate of 89 foreign prisoners being held in Venezuela for allegedly plotting to overthrow the regime.

In the Asia-Pacific, Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party elected Sanae Takaichi as its new leader, setting the path for the nation’s first female prime minister. Takaichi’s win also promises policy continuity with a more conservative and nationalist tilt than her predecessor, Shigeru Ishiba, who resigned in September. North Korea’s foreign minister met his Chinese counterpart in Beijing to coordinate on regional strategy and efforts to oppose what they described as western unilateralism and hegemonism. Also in the Pacific region, Papua New Guinea and Australia solidified a new defense treaty upgrading their relationship to a historic formal alliance

In other world news this week, Guinea is preparing for its first presidential election since the 2021 coup, with a recently approved constitution permitting junta leaders to stand and creating new oversight bodies. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and French President Emmanuel Macron marked the 35th anniversary of German reunification, and Afghanistan remained largely offline due to a nationwide telecommunications blackout imposed by the Taliban. 11 people died in landslides in Nepal this week, reportedly set off by a lighting strike and heavier than usual monsoon rains.

This week in depth

Sunday: One protester dead after violent clash over fuel prices in Ecuador.

Monday: Moldova’s pro-EU party crushes pro-Russian parties in crucial elections.

Tuesday: South Korea boosts defense spending amid U.S. security concerns.

Wednesday: EU suggests ‘drone wall’ to stop Russian airspace threats.

Thursday: London police boost security at synagogues after Manchester terror attack.

Friday: Moroccan youth call for government resignation following violent protests.

Saturday: Populist billionaire makes political comeback, winning Czech elections.

Sunday, September 28, 2025

Deadly clashes erupt in Ecuador, leaving one dead over fuel prices

A violent clash on Sunday between law enforcement and Indigenous protesters opposing the termination of a fuel subsidy left one civilian dead and 12 soldiers injured. The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CINE), the country’s largest Indigenous organization, called for the protests following President Daniel Noboa’s order on September 12 to eliminate a state diesel fuel subsidy, which raised the price from $1.80 to $2.80 per gallon. Over 80 people were arrested, with thirteen facing charges of terrorism. However, no details were provided regarding the death of the protester. Instead, the military and the national Indigenous organization leading the protests exchanged accusations regarding the violence that erupted in the Andean community north of Quito. The Regional Foundation for Human Rights Advice reported that the male protester “died after being shot.” Meanwhile, CINE claimed that the 46-year-old man was killed due to government “repression,” which also left another demonstrator “in critical condition.” Ecuador’s Prosecutor’s Office announced via X that it would launch an investigation using a specialized team focused on unlawful force to “ensure the objectivity of the process.” Sunday marked the seventh consecutive day of protests. A state of emergency and curfew remain in effect in provinces with the largest Indigenous populations.

1. Violent clash over fuel prices in Ecuador leaves 1 protester dead and 12 soldiers injured | AP News. (2025, September 28). AP News.

2. Violent clashes over fuel prices in Ecuador leaves protester dead. (2025, September 28). Morning Star.

3. Deadly clashes erupt over fuel subsidy cuts in Ecuador. (2025, September 28). Grand Pinnacle Tribune.

4. Ecuador armed forces kill fuel price hike protester: Indigenous group. (2025, September 28).

5. Afp. (2025, September 29). One killed, 17 soldiers taken hostage in Ecuador unrest. The Hindu.

6. 24, F. (2025, September 23). Ecuador’s president claims narco gang behind fuel price protests. France 24; FRANCE 24.

7. energynews. (2024, October 10). Ecuador: 11% increase in petrol prices triggers strong reactions - energynews. energynews.pro.

Monday, September 29, 2025

Moldova’s pro-EU party wins key parliamentary elections, defeating pro-Russian factions

On Monday, Moldova’s pro-European Union party secured a decisive victory in the parliamentary elections, successfully overcoming pro-Russian factions in a vote seen as a pivotal choice between the East and the West. European leaders praised the Moldovan people for reaffirming their dedication to a Western-oriented future and potential EU membership, despite claims of Russian interference. Although small in both size and population, Moldova plays a significant geopolitical role. It is situated between the conflict-stricken Ukraine and Romania, an EU and NATO member. It was part of the Soviet Union until it declared independence in 1991. In recent years, it has embraced a clear commitment to the West, becoming a focal point of geopolitical tension between Russia and the European Union. Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Moldova applied for EU membership in 2022 and was granted candidate status later that year. By 2024, Brussels decided to begin accession talks. Sunday’s results were especially significant given Moldovan officials’ claims that Russia had been conducting a “hybrid war” to influence the electoral outcome. With nearly all votes counted as of Monday, early reports show that the pro-EU Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) received 50.1% of the ballots, while the pro-Russian Patriotic Electoral Bloc garnered 24.2%. The Alternativa Bloc, which is friendly to Russia, finished third, trailed by the populist Our Party. The right-wing Democracy at Home party also secured enough votes to enter parliament. PAS is set to have a clear majority with around 55 seats in the 101-seat legislature.

1. Mcgrath, S. (2025, September 29). Moldova’s pro-EU party wins parliamentary election | AP News. AP News.

2. Rainsford, S. (2025, September 29). Moldova’s pro-EU party wins vote mired in claims of Russian interference.

3. Peleschuk, D., & Tanas, A. (2025, September 29). Moldova’s pro-EU party wins pivotal election in setback for Russia. Reuters.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025, September 29). Moldova’s pro-EU party wins election hit by Russian interference claims. Al Jazeera.

5. Wolff, S. (2025). Moldova: pro-EU party wins majority in election dominated by Russian interference. The Conversation.

6. Robinson, L. (2025, October 3). Moldova’s victory over Russia. Council on Foreign Relations.

7. Easter, R. (2025, October 3). Europe Should Support Moldova Against Russian Meddling. FDD.

Tuesday, September 30, 2025

South Korea increases defense budget by 8.2% amid U.S. security concerns

On Tuesday, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung vowed to significantly increase defense spending and build a more self-sufficient military by next year as President Donald Trump’s calls for allies to increase their security expenditures to reduce the financial burden on the United States. Lee’s promise to his country comes as Trump pushes his “America First” policy, which has raised concerns regarding the U.S. commitment to its Asian ally. The trade conflict instigated by Trump and his transactional approach to security is causing many South Koreans to lose faith in the US. There are concerns that Trump may demand significantly higher payments from South Korea for the continued presence of U.S. forces or may possibly scale back America’s military involvement to concentrate more on China. President Lee did not express any worries regarding Trump’s policies but referred to the South Korea-U.S. military partnership as “strong.” He emphasized his plan to build a strong military capable of independently defending the nation against external threats. To bolster a self-reliant defense strategy, Lee announced that his administration would raise the defense budget by 8.2% for the coming year, reaching 66.3 trillion won ($47.1 billion). This funding will be directed toward acquiring advanced weaponry, including AI combat robots, autonomous drones, and precision-guided missiles. He added that the government intends to actively support the defense industry and enhance soldier welfare by improving service conditions and compensation systems.

1. Choi, S. (2025, September 30). South Korea to invest in jet engines, stealth with bigger budget. Bloomberg.com.

2. Kim, H., & Tong-Hyung, K. (2025, October 1). South Korea’s president boosts defense spending for high-tech weapons | AP News. AP News.

3. Межа. (2025, October 1). South Korea boosts defense budget by 8.2% in 2026 amid US pressure. Ukraine News - #Mezha.

4. Client challenge. (2025, October 1). South Korea raises military spending by most in more than 15 years.

5. South Korea boosts defense amid U.S. alliance doubts. (2025, October 1). Grand Pinnacle Tribune.

6. Singh, L. (2025, October 3). Curtains for the US-Korea military alliance? Asia Times.

7. Pollmann, M. (2025, September 24). South Korea Mulls the US Push for “Strategic Flexibility.” Thediplomat.com; The Diplomat.

Wednesday, October 1, 2025

EU leaders propose “drone wall” to strengthen defense against Russian airspace violations

European Union leaders met on Wednesday in Copenhagen, where they endorsed plans to strengthen the bloc’s defenses against Russian drones following airspace violations by unmanned aircraft that raised concerns in Denmark. European authorities have accused Russia of blatant breaches of the region’s airspace, highlighted by recent drone incursions over Poland and fighter jet activities over Estonia. Although Denmark has not explicitly linked last week’s incidents, which disrupted traffic at several airports, to Russia, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen suggested that Moscow might be involved. These incidents have increased worries among EU leaders about Russia’s possible threat to the continent’s security, especially in light of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. U.S. President Donald Trump has long urged Europe to take more responsibility for its own security and to support Ukraine. In response, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen proposed the idea of a “drone wall” last month, which would be a network of sensors and weapons designed to detect, track, and destroy invading drones to protect Europe’s eastern border. This proposal came shortly after about 20 Russian drones entered Polish airspace, although officials noted that the plan for the wall was already in progress. However, the Commission, the EU’s executive branch, has not yet provided a detailed plan for the drone wall, leaving unanswered questions about its cost and feasibility.

1. Gray, A., Gronholt-Pedersen, J., & Melander, I. (2025, October 1). EU leaders back “drone wall” to repel Russia after airspace violations. Reuters.

2. Tucker, P. (2025, October 3). Inside Europe’s crash effort to create a “drone wall.” Defense One.

3. Lunday, C., Kayali, L., & Barigazzi, J. (2025, October 3). Von der Leyen’s ‘drone wall’ plan crashes into EU reality. POLITICO.

4. Afp, L. M. W. (2025b, September 26). EU accelerates “drone wall” plans after Russian incursions. Le Monde.fr.

5. Myronyshena, T. (2025, October 3). Europe split on “drone wall” project, plan to battle Russia’s attacks remains elusive. The Kyiv Independent.

6. Castro, A., Croucher, S., Parry, H., & Feng, J. (2025, October 2). Russia’s Vladimir Putin Mocks Recent Drone Incursions, NATO Warned “This Is War.” Newsweek.

7. Zelenskyy proposes aerial shield in Europe after Russian drone incursions. (2025, October 3). [Video]. NBC News.

Thursday, October 2, 2025

London police increase security at synagogues following deadly Manchester attack

Authorities reported on Thursday that they had increased the number of officers stationed near synagogues and Jewish community locations in London, in response to a deadly attack at a synagogue in Manchester earlier that day. The Metropolitan Police of London stated that there was no evidence of an increased threat to the city; however, they implemented these measures as a precautionary step. Additional personnel have been dispatched to areas surrounding synagogues, various Jewish community sites, and neighborhoods with large Jewish populations. The attack, which police classified as an act of terrorism, occurred in northern England when an assailant drove a car into a crowd of people outside a synagogue before exiting the vehicle and fatally stabbing two individuals. The incident occurred while worshippers were observing Yom Kippur, the most sacred day on the Jewish calendar. Greater Manchester Police identified the perpetrator as Jihad Al-Shamie, a 35-year-old British national of Syrian descent, who targeted the Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation Synagogue in the Crumpsall area. Officers were able to shoot and kill the attacker at the scene, although it took some time for officials to confirm his death. He was wearing a vest that appeared as if he had explosives. Authorities later clarified that he was not carrying a bomb. Police said that they are working to understand the motives behind the attack and stated that they had found no prior information suggesting the suspect had been referred to the country’s counter-radicalization program, Prevent. Globally, incidents targeting Jews and Jewish institutions have surged since the onset of the Gaza conflict, with significant increases reported in France and Germany.

1. Reuters. (2025, October 2). London police boost patrols near synagogues after deadly Manchester attack. Reuters.

2. 2 killed in terrorist attack at Manchester synagogue on Yom Kippur. (2025, October 3). [Video]. NBC News.

3. 24, F. (2025, October 3). UK on “high alert” following synagogue attack. France 24; FRANCE 24.

4. Dathan, M., & Burgess, K. (2025, October 3). Police step up patrols at synagogues after Manchester terror attack. The Times.

5. France, A. (2025, October 2). Police patrols increased at London synagogues as Manchester attack sparks fear and outrage. The Standard.

6. Jazeera, A. (2025b, October 3). UK police identify suspect in Manchester UK synagogue attack. Al Jazeera.

7. BBC News. (2024, July 11). “Wave of antisemitism” in EU influenced by Israel-Gaza war - survey.

Friday, October 3, 2025

Moroccan youth movement demands government resignation after deadly unrest

The group leading Morocco’s mass protests called for the resignation of the government on Friday, following several days of unrest that left three people dead. The demand arose after a new wave of protests calling for reforms in the healthcare and education sectors unfolded across the country on Thursday. It marked the sixth day of mainly peaceful rallies, although some instances of violence were reported. The youth-led group GenZ 212 stated, “We insist on the removal of the current government due to its failure to protect the constitutional rights of Moroccans and address their social concerns.” They based their demand for the government’s dismissal on a constitutional article that “grants His Majesty the King the authority to appoint and remove the Prime Minister and government officials.” The group, whose organizers remain anonymous, also called for the “release of everyone arrested in connection with the peaceful protests.” Primarily using the Discord messaging platform, the group has disseminated its calls to action and has consistently distanced itself from the violence and vandalism that occurred in certain cities. The rallies across this usually stable nation have been fueled by frustration over social inequalities, particularly following last month’s reports of the deaths of eight pregnant women at a public hospital in Agadir. Many citizens believe that the public health and education systems require significant improvements, but these needs have been largely ignored, especially as the kingdom embarks on major infrastructure projects in preparation for hosting the Africa Cup of Nations in December and part of the 2030 World Cup. Since the protests began, hundreds of predominantly young Moroccans have been detained, with the interior ministry reporting nearly 300 injuries, primarily among security forces.

1. 24, F. (2025, October 3).Morocco protest leaders demand government dismissal after deadly unrest. France 24; FRANCE 24.

2. Chaffag, H. (2025, October 4). Morocco’s Gen Z protesters: “We need hospitals more than football stadiums.”

3. Aublanc, A., & Roger, S. (2025, October 3). Morocco rocked by Gen Z uprising: “We are the youth, we are not parasites.” Le Monde.fr.

4. Metz, S., & Oubachir, A. (2025, October 3). Morocco’s youth-led protests persist after 3 killed | AP News. AP News.

5. Eljechtimi, A. (2025, October 3). Morocco’s prime minister calls for dialogue as nightly protests grow more violent. Reuters.

6. Amnesty International. (2025, October 3). Morocco: Halt use of excessive force following crackdown on youth protests.

7. Atoui, Y. (2025, October 1). Reasons behind the protests in Morocco and possible escalation: Farid Alibi reveals all the details [Video] - Tunisie. Tunisie.

Saturday, October 4, 2025

Populist billionaire Andrej Babiš wins big in Czech parliamentary election

Billionaire Andrej Babiš won big on Saturday, marking a major political comeback in the Czech Republic’s parliamentary elections. Babiš has emerged as another populist leader in Central Europe, likely to steer the nation away from its support for Ukraine and toward the pro-Russian stance adopted by Hungary and Slovakia. With nearly 99.5% of votes counted, Babiš’s ANO (YES) party received 34.7% of the vote, decisively defeating the Together conservative coalition led by Prime Minister Petr Fiala, which secured 23.2%. The mayors’ group known as STAN, part of Fiala’s government, gained 11.1%, while the Pirates party, another ally of Fiala, garnered 8.7%. The anti-migrant Freedom and Direct Democracy party captured 7.9%, and a right-wing group called the Motorists achieved 6.8%. Babiš expressed his excitement after his best electoral performance, labeling it “historic” for both himself and his inclusive political movement, which entered the national scene in 2013. He declared, “We want the Czech Republic to become the best place for life in the European Union, and we will do everything to make it happen,” while addressing his supporters and the media. With this victory, Babiš aligns himself with Prime Ministers Viktor Orbán of Hungary and Robert Fico of Slovakia, both of whom have resisted providing military assistance to Ukraine, continued importing Russian oil, and opposed EU sanctions on Russia. He criticized Fiala for the issues faced in recent years, including the energy crisis and rising inflation, and promised to revoke pension reforms and support for Ukraine. Babiš is now set to meet with President Petr Pavel, where he will have the opportunity to form a new government. If he wants to govern alone, his minority cabinet will require support from the Freedom Party and the Motorists to secure a mandatory parliamentary confidence vote.

1. Czech billionaire Andrej Babiš wins parliamentary election, shifts stance on Ukraine | AP News. (2025, October 4). AP News.

2. Cameron, R. (2025, October 4). Czech Republic: Billionaire populist Andrej Babis’ party wins parliamentary election.

3. Hovet, J., & Lopatka, J. (2025, October 4). Populist Babis cruises to Czech election win, will seek support from fringe parties.Reuters.

4. Janicek, K. (2025, October 1). Populist billionaire Andrej Babis is the favorite to win the Czech election | AP News. AP News.

5. Czech government faces no-confidence vote in Parliament sought by populist ex-prime minister | AP News. (2023, October 17). AP News.

6. Reuters. (2025, March 7). Orban says financing Ukraine’s war effort would “ruin Europe.” Reuters.

7. Genovese, V. (2025, March 4). Which European countries would take part in a “coalition of the willing” for Ukraine? Euronews.

SOURCE:Arden Strategies. (2025, September 17). Global Parliament Index | Arden Strategies. Arden Strategies | Insight, Strategy, and Communication.

World Week in Review

UN officials warn of a “perfect storm of international conflict that could seriously hinder assistance to those most in need. Global hunger and food insecurity is exacerbated by natural disasters, armed conflict and cuts in aid. Carl Skau of the World Food Program predicts food shortages in large parts of Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

NATO’s increase in military spending is foreseen to produce large spikes in global emissions. An estimated addition of 1,320m tonnes of pollution could contribute to global warming in the next decade. A plan of a NATO increase of 3.5% of GDP towards military spending will cause a surge of carbon emissions.

In France, a proposed 44$ billion cut in public spending, including scrapping two holidays, a freeze on pensions and cuts to healthcare and unemployment benefits triggered large-scale strikes and protests. The French deficit is well above the EU threshold. New Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu is keen to manage the backlash of educational blockades, transportation shutdown, protests and subsequent arrests.

South America’s Mercosur Bloc signed a free trade deal with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. The deal seeks to improve access and and reduce trade barriers between Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and the non-EU states. Argentina’s economic volatility is predicted to see a fall in inflation and a slight fiscal surplus.

An Arab-Islamic summit convened in Doha in response to the Israeli strike last week. Leaders from the Arab league and Organization of Islamic Cooperation affirmed solidarity with Qatar, a prominent mediator in the region’s conflict. A call for possible sanctions and an arms supplies halt were considered in response. The Gulf Cooperation Council pledged to activate a joint defense pact in solidarity with Qatar. No immediate actions were agreed upon, however as detailed below, Saudi Arabia signed a mutual defense pact with Pakistan later in the week.

Nigeria is leading a push for continent-wide oil regulation. The African Petroleum Regulators Forum met in Accra, and a charter was signed by 8 members and other pledged support pending further consultations. Bolstering transparency, subsequent investor trust, and institutional stability through an executive committee are the group’s goals.

Thousands in Asia are expected to join the global “draw the line” mobilization against climate injustice and inaction. Pressure on a fossil fuel phase-out, climate finance for the Global South, and broader social justice remain their central demands. Large turnouts in Nepal, Tokyo, Kolkata, and other cities across Asia are mounting social pressures to the leaders of vulnerable communities.

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban followed Trump’s example and announced a policy to declare Antifa a terrorist organization. Trump unofficially designated Antifa as a terrorist group in 2020, but did not result in any formal, legal labeling. Orban cited a 2023 incident of an alleged assault in which Antifa activists attacked participants at a far-right event in Budapest. Antifa’s lack of centrality, leadership, or formal organization complicated this official designation.

This week in depth

Sunday: Far-right party surges in German local elections.

Monday: Australia and Papua New Guinea forge defense pact to counter China.

Tuesday: Chad votes to allow president to serve unlimited terms.

Wednesday: Official exposes corruption linked to criminal syndicates in South Africa.

Thursday: Saudi Arabia and Pakistan unite with new defense pact.

Friday: Death toll reaches 58 in Nigeria cholera outbreak.

Saturday: Portugal recognizes Palestinian state.

Sunday, September 14, 2025

Merz’s conservative party leads, but far-right AfD secures major gains in German local elections

On Sunday, the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) emerged as the biggest victor in the first electoral test since Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party took power. While Merz’s party secured the highest percentage in municipal elections in Germany's most populous state, the AfD nearly tripled its vote share compared to five years ago. Final results released on Monday revealed that Merz’s CDU received 33.3% of the votes for councils and mayors in North Rhine-Westphalia, a region with approximately 18 million residents. Its coalition partner, the center-left Social Democrats, garnered 22.1%. However, both parties saw a slight decline in their numbers compared to their 2020 results. The AfD secured 14.5% of the votes, an increase of 9.4 % points. The anti-immigration AfD has traditionally enjoyed strong support in the former eastern Germany, which is less affluent; however, Sunday’s results underscore its growing influence in western Germany as well. AfD co-leader Alice Weidel celebrated what she called “a tremendous success” on Sunday. The party's growth has been fueled by dissatisfaction with high levels of immigration, along with broader concerns about a stagnant economy and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The party’s backing has remained high despite being classified as a right-wing extremist group by Germany’s domestic intelligence agency. This designation was temporarily suspended following a legal challenge by the AfD, which secured 20.8% of the votes in the February national elections. The party took second place and established itself as the largest opposition party following the fall of the center-left national government.

1. Moulson, G. (2025, September 15). Merz’s conservatives ahead but far-right party the biggest winner in German local elections | AP News. AP News.

2. Rasheed, Z. (2025, September 15). Merz’s CDU wins election in key German state, as support for AfD surges. Al Jazeera.

3. Angelos, J. (2025, September 14). Far right gains stronger foothold in western Germany. POLITICO.

4. Anadolu staff | Far-right AfD triples support in German local elections, raising political concerns. (2025, September 14).

5. Connolly, K. (2025, September 15). Far-right AfD’s vote triples in elections in German bellwether state. The Guardian.

6. Oltermann, P. (2025, April 2). Success of far-right AfD shows east and west Germany are drifting further apart. The Guardian.

7. Anti-Defamation League. (2025). Alternative for Germany (AfD) Party: What You Need To Know. ADL.

Monday, September 15, 2025

Australia and Papua New Guinea to sign defense agreement amid growing security concerns from China

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced on Monday that a defense agreement will be signed with Papua New Guinea as part of efforts to curb China’s growing security influence in the region. Albanese stated that he and his counterpart, Papua New Guinea's Prime Minister James Marape, would finalize the agreement on Wednesday, shortly after celebrating the South Pacific island nation’s 50th anniversary of independence from Australia. Albanese told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation that the deal “Establishes mutual defense agreements, which ensure that we support one another and integrate our defense forces and resources.” With an estimated population of nearly 12 million, Papua New Guinea is the most populous country in the South Pacific after Australia, which has a population of 27 million. The new deal would allow citizens of both nations to serve in each other’s military. Australia would also offer Australian citizenship as an incentive for Papua New Guineans to enlist in the Australian army. Currently, Australia restricts recruitment to its Five Eyes intelligence-sharing partners, which include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand. In 2023, Australia and Papua New Guinea signed a security agreement that expanded their defense collaboration and reinforced Australia’s standing as the region's preferred security ally. However, the signing was delayed for six months after a different security deal made with the United States and Marape’s administration led to protests in Papua New Guinea due to worries that the U.S. agreement undermined national sovereignty. According to Australian Defense Minister Richard Marles, this new bilateral treaty is intended to replace a deal established in 1977 with the newly independent Papua New Guinea.

1. McGuirk, R. (2025b, September 15). Australia and Papua New Guinea to integrate defense forces under new security pact | AP News. AP News.

2. Faa, M. (2025, September 16). Australia-PNG defence treaty will require countries to “act” if either one is attacked. ABC News.

3. Australia and Papua New Guinea sign historic defense pact. (2025, September 16). Grand Pinnacle Tribune.

4. Needham, K. (2025, September 17). Australia, Papua New Guinea sign communique after mutual defence treaty stalls. Reuters.

5. McIlroy, T. (2025, September 17). Australia and PNG will agree to defend each other from military attack as China’s Pacific influence grows. The Guardian.

6. Lamb, K., & Harrison, V. (2025, September 19). China issues warning to Papua New Guinea over defence deal with Australia. The Guardian.

7. Greene, O., & Bluth, C. (2024). China’s increasing political influence in the south Pacific has sparked an international response. The Conversation.

Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Chad's National Assembly votes to extend presidential term limits

On Tuesday, Chad’s National Assembly approved significant changes to the constitution that would extend the presidential term from five to seven years and allow the president to serve an unlimited number of terms. The new constitution passed with a vote of 171 in favor, one abstention, and none against. Remadji Hoinathy, a leading researcher at the Institute for Security Studies, which focuses on Africa, said that the measure is almost certain to succeed in the final vote next month and reflects the ruling class's latest efforts to consolidate its power. President Mahamat Idriss Deby assumed control of Chad after the death of his father, former President Idriss Deby, who was killed while visiting troops fighting militias in the northern region in 2021. His passing set Chad on a trajectory to become the first junta-led nation in West and Central Africa to hold elections after a series of coups. Following a contested election held after three years of military rule, Deby declared himself the winner. Parliamentary elections followed in December, awarding the majority of seats to the ruling party. However, the results were disputed after opposition leader and former prime minister Succes Masra also claimed victory. Masra, a prominent figure in the opposition, resigned following the election and was sentenced to 20 years in prison in August for inciting violence. The amended constitution will now proceed to the Senate for a final vote on October 13, after which the president will ratify it into law.

1. Reuters. (2025, September 16). Chad votes to allow president to run unlimited times. Reuters.

2. Africa, V. O., & Africa, V. O. (2025, September 18). Chad Parliament approves plan for Seven-Year presidential Terms. The Voice of Africa.

3. Muhammed, J., & Muhammed, J. (2025, September 17). Chad’s constitutional overhaul and the global stakes. African Leadership Magazine.

4. TRT Afrika. (2025, September 17). Chad parliament endorses constitutional revision extending presidential term to seven years. TRT Afrika.

5. Ecofin Agency. (2025, September 17). Chad approves constitutional reform, extends presidential term to 7 years.

6. RFI. (2025, September 20). Chad’s move to drop presidential term limits slammed as “burial of democracy.” RFI.

7. Chad | the global state of democracy. (2025). The Global State of Democracy.

Wednesday, September 17, 2025

Police commissioner testifies on criminal organization infiltration in South Africa

A senior police official testified Wednesday at a government-backed probe, claiming that criminal organizations have infiltrated South Africa’s police and judicial systems. KwaZulu-Natal Police Commissioner Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi previously stated in July that certain high-ranking politicians and police officers have been interfering in sensitive investigations to benefit criminal organizations, including drug trafficking groups. Mkhwanazi specifically identified Police Minister Senzo Mchunu and Deputy National Police Commissioner Shadrack Sibiya as individuals connected to these crime syndicates. He alleged that both officials had dismantled a crucial crime unit investigating politically motivated murders in the KwaZulu-Natal province after it became evident that criminal groups were involved in those killings. According to Mkhwanazi, the unit had also cracked the murders of two musicians and identified crime cartels allegedly responsible for their deaths. The allegations have triggered public outrage and prompted President Cyril Ramaphosa to establish a commission of inquiry. The nation’s parliament has also launched a separate investigation into Mkhwanazi’s claims. While accusations of corruption within the police force are not unusual, it is rare for senior police officials to accuse one another of involvement with criminals publicly. However, there have been mixed reactions to the formation of the commission, with many expressing concerns that previous inquiries set up by Ramaphosa have failed to hold any high-ranking officials accountable for misconduct. Both Mchunu and Sibiya have since been suspended and are expected to testify at the commission.

1. Magome, M. (2025, September 17). Top police official claims criminal syndicates infiltrated South Africa’s justice system | AP News. AP News.

2. Wanneburg, G. (2025, July 15). ‘Lives controlled by crime’: Explosive allegations hit South Africa police. Al Jazeera.

3. Fihlani, K. N. &. P. (2025, July 7). Senzo Mchunu: Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi accuses South African police minister of links to criminal gangs.

4. Bartlett, K. (2025, July 14). South Africa’s president creates commission to look at police corruption allegations. NPR.

5. Orderson, C. (2022, March 8). More S African corruption exposed in ‘state capture’ report. Al Jazeera.

6. Africa, S. (2023). Link between crime and politics in South Africa raises concerns about criminal gangs taking over. The Conversation.

7. iFearLESS. (2025, August 13). South African Gangs Crisis: How iFearLESS App is Leading the Fight. iFearLESS - Reshaping the World of On-Demand Security.

Thursday, September 18, 2025

Saudi Arabia and Pakistan sign defense pact following Israel’s attack on Qatar

On Thursday, Saudi Arabia and nuclear-armed Pakistan announced that they have signed a mutual defense agreement, designating any aggression against either nation as hostility toward both. This development follows Israel's recent attack on Qatar and marks a significant shift in regional dynamics. The timing of this agreement appears to convey a clear message to Israel, widely regarded as the only nuclear-armed state in the Middle East. In the wake of Hamas's attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, Tel Aviv has conducted a military campaign that spans Iran, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, Qatar, Syria, and Yemen. Finalized by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the agreement hints at nuclear protections, as indicated by a senior Saudi official who spoke on the condition of anonymity. This official stated that the arrangement “will utilize all defensive and military means deemed necessary depending on the specific threat.” Historically, Saudi Arabia has had strong economic, religious, and security ties with Pakistan, including reportedly financing Islamabad’s nuclear weapons program during its development. Over the years, analysts and Pakistani diplomats have speculated that Saudi Arabia might fall under Pakistan’s nuclear umbrella, particularly amid rising tensions surrounding Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

1. Ahmed, M., & Gambrell, J. (2025, September 18). Saudi Arabia signs defense pact with nuclear-armed Pakistan | AP News. AP News.

2. Jamal, U. (2025, September 19). Pakistan and Saudi Arabia Forge Strategic Defense Pact Amid Shifting West Asian Dynamics. Thediplomat.com; The Diplomat.

3. Shah, S., & Dahan, M. E. (2025, September 19). Saudi pact puts Pakistan’s nuclear umbrella into Middle East security picture. Reuters.

4. Gambrell, J., & Ahmed, M. (2025, September 19). Pakistan says defense deal gives Saudi Arabia access to nuclear program | AP News. AP News.

5. Will Saudi Arabia’s New Defense Agreement with Pakistan Have Proliferation Consequences? (2025, September 19). The Washington Institute.

6. Korah Abraham, & Korah Abraham. (2025, September 20). Saudi Arabia-Pakistan defence deal: What it means for India and West Asia’s power balance. Deccan Herald.

7. Hussain, A. (2025, September 18). ‘Watershed’: How Saudi-Pakistan defence pact reshapes region’s geopolitics. Al Jazeera.

Friday, September 19, 2025

Cholera outbreak claims 58 lives in northeast Nigeria

Nigerian officials announced on Friday that a cholera outbreak has killed 58 people and infected over 250 across Bauchi State in the northeast. The crisis has prompted authorities to establish new committees to enhance emergency response and prevention initiatives. Cholera, which is transmitted through contaminated food and water, is relatively prevalent in Nigeria, where health authorities cite widespread shortages of clean water in both rural communities and urban slums. Deputy Governor Auwal Mohammed Jatau, during the committee's inauguration, stated, "These outbreaks can often be prevented with timely actions, coordinated efforts, and ongoing improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene." The purpose of the committee is to centralize the response and align long-term prevention strategies with a national cholera control framework and the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), Jatau explained. Over the past two years, Nigeria has recorded more than 11,000 suspected cholera cases and over 400 fatalities, with the majority of infections occurring in children under the age of five, according to the NCDC. Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with many deaths stemming from inadequate access to basic healthcare and simple rehydration treatments. The increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, heightens the risk and spread of cholera by contaminating water supplies and disrupting sanitation systems. Additionally, porous borders and ineffective disease surveillance networks contribute to the rapid transmission of outbreaks across countries.

1. Camillus Eboh. (2025, September 19). Cholera outbreak kills 58 in northeast Nigeria. Reuters.

2. Abdullahi, I. (2025, September 20). Cholera kills 58 in Bauchi as state records 258 new cases. Healthwise.

3. Tauna, A. (2025, September 19). Cholera outbreak claim 58 lives in Bauchi. Daily Post Nigeria.

4. Kingimi, A. (2025, August 28). Cholera outbreak in northwest Nigeria kills eight, infects over 200. Reuters.

5. Nigeria to launch National Strategic Plan of Action on Cholera Control National Cholera Control (NSPACC) | Stop Cholera. (2024). Stop Cholera.

6. Emanuel, G. (2025, September 3). An ancient disease makes yet another comeback. NPR.

7. World Health Organization: Cholera. WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, December 5). Cholera.

Saturday, September 20, 2025

Portugal announces that it will recognize a Palestinian state

On Saturday, Portugal announced it will recognize a Palestinian state, becoming the latest Western country to potentially change its stance as the conflict in the Gaza Strip continues. The foreign ministry made this announcement ahead of the upcoming United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York. France, the UK, Canada, and Australia are also expected to make similar announcements. About three-quarters of the 193 UN member states currently recognize a Palestinian state, which was granted non-member observer status in 2012. Israel criticized this move, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu saying it “rewards terror” after Hamas's attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. The United States, Israel's main ally, agrees with Netanyahu's view. During a state visit to the UK, U.S. President Donald Trump stated he disagreed with this recognition, which was prompted by Israel’s offensive. Since the start of the Israeli military operation in Gaza, at least 65,141 Palestinians have been killed, according to the Gaza health ministry. As world leaders prepare to meet at the UN General Assembly on Tuesday, Israeli tanks and troops continue their advance into Gaza City as part of a ground offensive, which has caused thousands of people to evacuate.

1. Hagan, R. (2025, September 20). Portugal says it will recognise Palestinian state.

2. Rowlands, L. (2025, September 20). Portugal to recognise a Palestinian state. Al Jazeera.

3. Reuters Staff. (2025, September 19). Portugal to recognize a Palestinian state, government says. Reuters.

4. TOI STAFF. (2025). Portugal says it will recognize Palestinian state on Sunday, ahead of UN assembly. Timesofisrael.com.

5. Portugal to recognise Palestinian state ahead of UN conference. (2025, September 20). thecradle.co.

6. Blackburn, G. (2025, August 1). Portugal to consult major parties and president about Palestinian state recognition, PM says. Euronews.

7. AJLabs. (2025, April 10). Mapping which countries recognise Palestine in 2025. Al Jazeera.

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS

World Week in Review

U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, was dispatched to Israel to hold talks with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Saturday, in an effort to manage the fallout from Tuesday’s airstrike on the Qatari capital of Doha targeting Hamas. According to reports, the strikes killed up to six members of Hamas, including the son of chief negotiator Khalil al-Hayya. Antonio Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations, condemned the strikes, citing Qatar’s role as mediator in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel also launched strikes against Sana’a and other targets in Yemen, reportedly killing 35.

Poland called for a UN Security Council emergency session this week after Russian drowns breached Polish airspace on Wednesday during an attack on Ukraine. Polish Foreign Minister Sikorski labeled the incursions “unprecedented” violation against a NATO and EU member. Three days later, Romanian fighter jets were scrambled when a Russian drone briefly entered national airspace during another attack on Ukraine. The Romanian Defense Ministry later confirmed that the drone left national airspace toward Ukraine without causing damage or injuries.

Official data released this week showed that Britain’s economy failed to grow in July, with flat GDP and a nearly 1% drop in production output. As these figures were released, Prime Minister Keir Starmer dismissed Peter Mandelson as ambassador to the United States when new emails revealed his continued correspondence with Jeffrey Epstein, in contradiction of previous vetting disclosures. With U.S. President Trump scheduled to arrive in London on Sep 16, 2025, over 110,000 people joined a right-wing protest on Saturday, which resulted in violent clashes with police and multiple arrests.

Sushila Karki, Nepal’s former chief justice, became the country’s first female interim prime minister after K.P. Sharma Oli’s resigned amid massive anti-government protests over a social media ban. China signed multiple energy, health, media and aerospace cooperation agreements with Russia this week, the most prominent of which was a binding agreement to construct a natural gas pipeline through Mongolia that will supply 50 billion cubic meters of Russian gas per year for 30 years.

Venezuela denied U.S. claims that 11 people killed by an American naval strike in the Caribbean were linked to the gang Tren de Aragua. Earlier in the week Secretary Rubio also condemned the sentencing of former Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro to 27 years and 3 months in prison for plotting a coup, calling it a “witch hunt.” Brazilian judge Alexandre de Moraes accused Bolsonaro of seeking dictatorship.

Finally, a chartered Korean Air flight arrived at Incheon International Airport on Friday, carrying 300 South Korean workers detained during an immigration raid at a Hyundai-LG battery plant in Georgia, The workers were greeted by emotional families, widespread media attention, and protest banners critical of U.S. immigration policies.

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This week in depth

Sunday, September 7, 2025

Argentina's Milei faces a major setback in Buenos Aires provincial election

On Sunday, Argentine President Javier Milei faced a setback in the Buenos Aires provincial election, which is seen as a key test for his libertarian party and a potential indicator for the upcoming congressional midterms. His newly formed La Libertad Avanza party secured only 34% of the votes in Argentina's largest province, losing to the leftist Peronist opposition, which gained 47%. Acknowledging the loss, Milei called the 13-point margin to his populist rivals “a clear defeat.” He told his disappointed supporters, “We suffered a setback, and we must accept it responsibly.” He then reaffirmed his commitment to his economic reforms, saying, “There will be no retreat in government policy.” This loss comes at a critical time as Milei deals with a struggling economy and faces scrutiny due to his associates' involvement in a corruption scandal ahead of the late October congressional elections. The results are being closely watched for their impact on investor confidence and global market stability. Analysts had predicted a narrow defeat for La Libertad Avanza against the Peronists, but the actual results were far greater than anticipated. This defeat could energize opponents of La Libertad Avanza, considering that Buenos Aires province accounts for nearly 40% of Argentina's population.

1. DeBre, I. (2025, September 8). Milei’s party crushed in Argentine local elections | AP News. AP News.

2. Birsel, R. (2025, September 8). Javier Milei issues defiant message after major Argentina election defeat. Newsweek.

3. Jazeera, A. (2025b, September 8). Argentina’s Milei suffers crushing setback in Buenos Aires election. Al Jazeera.

4. Strohecker, K., & Campos, R. (2025, September 8). Argentine markets plunge after Milei’s party loses to Peronists in Buenos Aires vote. Reuters.

5. Grainger, J. (2025, September 8). Milei admits ‘electoral setback,’ vows ‘not to repeat mistakes.’ Buenos Aires Times.

6. Financial Times. Argentine markets slump after Milei loses badly in Buenos Aires (2025, September 8).

7. Sidi, A. (2025, May 12). Argentina’s Never-Ending economic crisis. The Science Survey.

Monday, September 8, 2025

China's export growth slowed in August amid trade tensions with U.S. and EU

China's customs authority announced on Monday that the nation's exports rose last month, although the growth rate was slower compared to previous months. The agency reported that exports reached $321.8 billion in August, marking a 4.4% increase from the same month last year. However, this was a decrease from a 7.2% surge in July. Meanwhile, imports totaled $219.5 billion, a 1.8% rise. For the first eight months of the year, China's exports exceeded imports by $785.3 billion, according to the monthly customs statistics. This substantial trade surplus has become a contentious issue with major trading partners, including the U.S. and the European Union. While low-cost Chinese imports benefit consumers, they may lead to job losses in manufacturing. Since taking office earlier this year, President Donald Trump has imposed an additional 30% tariff on imports from China but backed away from even higher tariffs following China's retaliation with its own import taxes. Currently, the two countries are engaged in negotiations to reach a trade agreement. The tariffs implemented by both sides, along with the potential for further increases, are impacting bilateral trade. Chinese exports to the U.S. plummeted by 33% in August, totaling $47.3 billion, while imports from the U.S. fell by 16% to $13.4 billion. In contrast, exports to the EU increased by 10.4% to $46.8 billion, although imports from the 27-member bloc experienced a slight decline, amounting to $22.8 billion.

1. Moritsugu, K. (2025, September 8). China’s exports rise 4.4% in August, slowest in six months | AP News. AP News.

2. Cash, J. (2025, September 8). China’s August export growth slowest in 6 months as US tariff risks mount. Reuters.

3. Writer, S. H. T. (2025, September 5). China export growth declines amid US trade tension. HERE Tampa.

4. EDITORIAL TEAM. (2025, September 8). China's Export Growth Slows Amid US Trade Tensions. techgolly.com.

5. Bloomberg News. (2025, September 8). China’s export growth hits 6-Month low in August. Transport Topics.

6. Briefing, C. (2025, September 11). US Imports from China Drop as Tariff Pressure Bites. China Briefing News.

7. York, E. (2025, September 12). Trump Tariffs: The economic impact of the Trump Trade War. Tax Foundation.

Tuesday, September 9, 2025

Vanuatu delays $300M security and economic treaty with Australia over Chinese funding concerns

On Tuesday, Jotham Napat, the Prime Minister of Vanuatu, announced that the nation is not yet prepared to finalize a security and economic treaty with Australia over concerns that the bilateral agreement could restrict Vanuatu's ability to secure infrastructure funding from other countries. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese had hoped to sign the AU$500 million (approximately US$330 million) deal during his visit to the capital, Port Vila. However, just hours before his departure, he told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation that he did not expect to sign the landmark pact that day. The treaty is part of Australia's broader strategy to prevent China from increasing its security presence in the region. During a press conference with Albanese following their meeting in Port Vila, Napat said that some officials within the Vanuatuan government “believe it requires further discussion, especially regarding specific phrasings in the agreement.” When asked if there were concerns that the treaty could limit Vanuatu’s access to funding from other nations for essential infrastructure projects, Napat affirmed, “Yes.” Meg Keen, who heads the Pacific Research Program at the Australian National University, said that Vanuatu aims to maintain strong ties with Australia while also keeping avenues open to China. Vanuatu has received significant loans and assistance from China for various construction projects, including wharves and other infrastructure. Despite the postponement, Albanese expressed optimism that the agreement would soon be finalized, reiterating that both parties are committed to strengthening their relationship through this new treaty-level agreement.

1. McGuirk, R. (2025, September 9). Vanuatu delays security treaty with Australia over funding concerns | AP News. AP News.

2. Needham, K. (2025, September 9). Australia, Vanuatu security agreement to be delayed. Reuters.

3. RNZ News. (2025, September 8). Australia-Vanuatu agreement hangs in the balance, as Albanese flies to Port Vila ahead of Pacific Islands Forum. RNZ.

4. Lam, L. (2025, August 14). Australia and Vanuatu agree to $328m security and business deal.

5. Bock, J. (2024, December 19). China Is Learning to Be a Better Aid Partner in the Pacific. The West Can Too. Thediplomat.com; The Diplomat.

6. Yuan, S. (2024, July 10). Tropical Tug-of-War: China and the West’s Influence Battle in the Pacific. Thediplomat.com; The Diplomat.

7. Why Vanuatu is important for US and China? (2023, June 25).

Wednesday, September 10, 2025

EU's Von der Leyen proposes sanctions on Israel over Gaza conflict

On Wednesday, Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, announced plans to seek sanctions and a partial suspension of trade with Israel in response to its military operations in Gaza, breaking from her previously pro-Israel stance. Given that the EU is Israel’s largest trading partner, these measures could have a significant impact on Israel, which is already grappling with the economic repercussions of a prolonged conflict. However, it remains uncertain whether there will be enough support within the EU to endorse these sanctions and trade restrictions, as the 27 member states are divided over the situation in the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, widespread protests have erupted across multiple EU cities, from Amsterdam to Barcelona, highlighting the growing discontent. This situation has prompted criticism of the EU's bureaucracy for its perceived inability to effectively pressure Israel to cease military actions and let in humanitarian aid. Israel maintains that there is no starvation in Gaza and asserts that adequate humanitarian aid is being allowed entry. Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar took to social media to accuse von der Leyen of succumbing to pressures that could harm the Israel-Europe relationship. He claimed her actions would empower Hamas. Schams El Ghoneimi, a former Middle East advisor in the European Parliament, said he was surprised by von der Leyen’s comments because “she has been so deaf” to the conditions in Gaza and the growing concerns voiced by EU officials and member states regarding the situation in the Palestinian territory.

1. McNeil, S. (2025b, September 10). Ursula von der Leyen seeks EU sanctions against Israel over Gaza war | AP News. AP News.

2. Rankin, J. (2025, September 11). Ursula von der Leyen calls for suspension of EU free trade with Israel. The Guardian.

3. Bayer, L., & Gray, A. (2025, September 10). EU Commission chief to propose new measures targeting Israel. Reuters.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025c, September 10). EU chief pledges action aimed at halting Israel’s war on Gaza. Al Jazeera.

5. De La Baume, M. (2025, September 10). Von der Leyen proposes suspension of EU payments and trade partnership with Israel. Euronews.

6. The changing stance of the EU toward Israel | IEP@BU. (2025, September 12).

7. Members’ Research Service. (2025, June 11). Review of the EU-Israel Association Agreement. Epthinktank.

Thursday, September 11, 2025

Brazil achieves renewable energy milestone as wind and solar fuel one-third of electricity

On Thursday, the Brazilian government announced that wind and solar energy generated over one-third of the nation's electricity in August, marking the first time these two renewable sources have achieved that milestone. According to the energy think tank Ember, clean energy accounted for 34% of Brazil's electricity generation that month. They recorded a new high of 19 terawatt-hours (TWh) in output, enough to power around 119 million typical Brazilian households for a month. This surpassed the previous record of 18.6 TWh set in September 2024. This milestone came as Brazil's primary energy source, hydroelectric output, declined, reaching its lowest level in four years. Ricardo Baitelo, project coordinator at Brazil’s Institute for Energy and the Environment, said the record reflects more than a decade of steady growth in wind and solar capacity, with solar expanding rapidly in recent years. He said the milestone highlights Brazil’s shift from an almost entirely hydro-based power system to one built on three main pillars: hydro, solar, and wind. He added that Brazil is the only G20 country currently on track to meet the goal of sharply increasing renewable energy within the next five years, a target set at the U.N. COP28 climate summit in Dubai in 2023. According to Ember, Brazil has undergone a remarkable transformation. In 2014, its power sector emissions peaked; by 2024, they had decreased by 31%, despite a 22% increase in electricity demand.

1. Grattan, S. (2025b, September 11). Wind and sun provide one-third of Brazil’s electricity for first time | AP News. AP News.

2. Ember. (2025, September 11). Wind and solar generate over a third of Brazil’s electricity for the first month on record | Ember.

3. Lula enacts Fuel of the Future law: “Brazil will drive the world’s largest energy revolution.” (2024, October 9). Planalto.

4. World Bank Group. (2023, May 5). Brazil can be both richer and greener: World Bank Group outlines opportunities for climate action and growth. World Bank.

5. Ember. (2025a, April 10). In 2024, Brazil had the world’s third-largest increase in both wind and solar generation | Ember.

6. Karpavicius, L. M. (2021, February 9). Brazil Sources 45% of its Energy from Renewables - Climate Scorecard. Climate Scorecard.

7. Global Overview. RENEWABLES 2024 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT. (2024).

Friday, September 12, 2025

Gangs kill dozens in fishing village, marking another atrocity in Haiti

Many people were killed on Friday in a fishing village located north of Haiti’s capital, marking yet another atrocity committed by powerful gangs in the struggling Caribbean nation. According to Joseph Louis Baptiste, a local government official, at least 42 people perished in Labodrie, including a 4-year-old child and his family. Baptiste stated that the massacre was sparked by the death of a local gang leader known as Vladimir in Cabaret. Vladimir was affiliated with a dominant gang coalition called Viv Ansanm, which has wreaked havoc in numerous communities in Port-au-Prince and its surroundings. The group was recently designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the United States. He informed Radio Caraïbes that the violence began over the weekend and is still ongoing. Baptiste said that gangs have set Labodrie ablaze and are now attempting to assault the nearby town of Arcahaie, while local police and a vigilante group try to hold them back. He said, “This tragedy highlights the urgent need for effective state intervention to put an end to impunity and restore safety in the area.” Baptiste called on the police to help safeguard the residents of Labodrie and Arcahaie. Gangs had previously attacked Arcahaie in October of last year, injuring several residents and setting homes on fire. Gang violence, once primarily confined to Port-au-Prince, has spread to once peaceful communities beyond the capital. The underfunded and understaffed Haitian National Police Department struggles to tackle gang violence despite support from a U.N.-backed mission led by Kenyan police. To help address gang violence, both the U.S. and Panama have expressed their support for transforming the current multinational force into a 5,550-member unit with the authority to detain and arrest suspected gang members.

1. Gangs kill dozens in small fishing village in Haiti’s latest massacre | AP News. (2025, September 12). AP News.

2. Jay, L. (2025, September 13). Haiti massacre in Labodrie of over 40 people by gang members – Modern Tokyo Times.

3. UN’s Guterres condemns gang attack in Haiti that killed at least 40. (2025, September 13). UN News.

4. CTN News. (2025, September 13). Haiti: Carnage in Laboderie, at least 40 civilians executed in deadly attack - NewsBreak. NewsBreak.

5. Gang violence in Haiti leaves 42 dead in Arcahaie massacre - TeleSUR English. (2025, September 12.). teleSURenglish.

6. Haiti: More than 1,500 killed between April and June. (2025, August 1). UN News.

7. Sanon, E. (2024, March 7). A timeline of Haiti’s gang violence and how the country got to where it is | AP News. AP News.

Saturday, September 13, 2025

Turkish authorities detain Istanbul mayor and 47 officials in corruption crackdown

On Saturday, Turkish authorities detained the mayor of an Istanbul district, along with 47 other officials, over allegations of corruption. The arrests come as part of a broader crackdown on the country's main opposition party. According to the state-affiliated Anadolu Agency, the Istanbul chief prosecutor’s office ordered these detentions as part of an investigation into alleged extortion, bribery, fraud, and bid rigging involving the municipality of Bayrampasa. The mayor of Bayrampasa, Hasan Mutlu, has vehemently denied the accusations, asserting, “What is unfolding here consists of political maneuvers and baseless slander. Together with the good residents of Bayrampasa, we will overcome these slanders and acts of dishonesty.” In recent months, more than a dozen mayors from the main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP), along with hundreds of municipal officials, have been arrested on suspicion of corruption, including Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu. Imamoglu, who is viewed as the main challenger to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the upcoming presidential election, detention triggered widespread demonstrations. The CHP says that these arrests and allegations are part of a governmental strategy to weaken the opposition and pave the way for Erdogan to hold office for another five years. The government, however, denies such claims, asserting that Turkey’s judicial system functions independently. A key case scheduled for a ruling on Monday will determine whether to annul the CHP’s 2023 Congress, a decision that could destabilize the party's leadership and plunge it into disarray.

1. Istanbul district mayor and 47 officials detained in corruption probe | AP News. (2025, September 13). AP News.

2. Williams, J. (2025, September 13). Turkish mayor detained in corruption probe as opposition faces crackdown. The Guardian.

3. Ap, D. S. W. (2025, September 13). Istanbul district mayor, 43 others detained in corruption probe | Daily Sabah. Daily Sabah.

4. Wilks, A. (2025, September 12). Istanbul’s jailed opposition mayor cheered as he enters prison courtroom | AP News. AP News.

5. Scf. (2025, September 12). Istanbul Mayor İmamoğlu standing trial on charges of diploma fraud. Stockholm Center for Freedom.

6. Guzel, M., & Fraser, S. (2025, March 20). Turkish police arrest Istanbul mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, a key Erdogan rival | AP News. AP News.

7. Sezer, C., & Madi, E. (2025, March 29). Large crowds rally in Istanbul over jailing of Erdogan’s main rival. Reuters.

Infographic of the week

SOURCE:Conflict Index | ACLED. (2025, January 19). ACLED.

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS

In an address to the nation at 10:00 PM, Saturday, June 21, 2025, U.S. President Donald J. Trump formalized announcements made in a series of posts on the Truth Social, social media platform: “[the U.S. has] completed our very successful attack on the three Nuclear sites in Iran, including Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan.” At roughly the same time as these posts, the Associated Press (AP) relayed reports from Iranian state media of explosions at several nuclear facilities across the country.

The operation, which began at approximately 2:30 AM local time (7:30 PM EDT), utilized U.S. B-2 Spirit stealth bombers to drop at least six specially designed GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (“bunker buster”) bombs on the heavily fortified Fordow nuclear site 100 miles south of Tehran. In addition, approximately 30 Tomahawk cruise missiles were launched from the U.S. Naval submarines to target the Natanz and Isfahan locations.

Satellite imagery reviewed by the AP shows visible damage to entryways around the Fordow site, as well as changes in the coloring and contours of the mountainside and clouds of light gray smoke in the immediate aftermath of the strike, indicative of the use of bunker busters. Following these strikes, the International Atomic Energy Agency confirmed there was no detected increase in off-site radiation levels after the strikes, suggesting that either safety measures in place at the sites had prevented harm, or that enriched uranium and other sensitive materials had been moved beforehand or were not present in quantities sufficient to pose a radiological threat.

Iranian leaders immediately condemned the attacks as a grave violation of international law, with Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi calling them “outrageous,” and warning of “everlasting consequences,” and asserting Iran’s right to respond. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised the strikes, and thanked the U.S. President for bringing “peace through strength” to the region.

International reaction to the strikes was varied, and included calls for restraint, expressions of support, concern, and condemnation.UN Secretary-General António Guterres called the U.S. strikes a “dangerous escalation” threatening international security, urged restraint, and emphasized that peace requires negotiations, not military action. EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas urged all sides to “step back, return to the negotiating table and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said Iran’s nuclear program is a “serious threat to global security” but also called for a diplomatic solution and a return to talks. Australia, Japan, and New Zealand similarly urged de-escalation and a return to diplomacy, while China and Russia condemned the strikes as violations of Iranian sovereignty and international law. The Foreign Ministry of Saudi Arabia said it was “following with great concern the developments,” while Iraq warned the strikes posed a “grave threat” to regional peace and security.

In other news, the newly elected South Korean President Lee Jae-myung met his Japanese counterpart, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, at the G7 in Canada, while the former Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu arrived in North Korea on “special assignment” and announced that North Korea would send 1,000 and 5,000 military construction workers to help restore infrastructure and repair damage resulting from the Ukrainian offensive into Russia’s Kursk Oblast. Shoigu met with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Pyongyang, where they also talked about further tightening the relationship between the two nations beyond just the current level of military cooperation.

Also at the G-7, which was in Alberta, Canada, U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer and U.S. President Donald Trump announced that they had finalized a U.S.-UK Trade Deal, primarily concerning aerospace and automotive tariffs. Finally, this week, the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki on Flores forced dozens of flight cancellations to and from Bali, with authorities raising the alert to its highest level and evacuating nearby villages. Indonesia, home to around 130 active volcanoes, remains vulnerable to such disruptions due to its position on the Pacific “Ring of Fire.”

The 7in7 newsletter is written and produced by a talented team of student interns from the University of Southern Maine who work under the supervision of our Executive Director. The goal is to ensure that Mainers, especially Maine students, have regular access to clear and concise summaries of world events that are easy to read and based on credible sources. It reaches over 2,000 individuals through email and social media each week at no charge. Producing this newsletter 48 weeks a year is no small feat -- especially for an organization the size of ours. But we do it because we know that people need trustworthy information to make sense of everything that is going on in the world. However, we can't do it without your support. So, if you value this newsletter or want to encourage global literacy in Maine, please consider making a tax-deductible donation to the World Affairs Council of Maine. Thank you for your consideration and your commitment to keeping Maine and the world connected.

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This week in depth

Sunday: Devastating floods and boating tragedies in the Congo.

Monday: Russia ready to de-escalate Israel-Iran crisis amid rising tensions.

Tuesday: Xi Jinping visits Kazakhstan for the China-Central Asia summit.

Wednesday: Czech government survives no-confidence vote tied to bitcoin.

Thursday: New Zealand pauses crucial aid to the Cook Islands due to China link.

Friday: Mexico left to deal with the destruction after Hurricane Erick.

Saturday: India nixes restarting water treaty with Pakistan.

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Sunday, June 8, 2025

Death toll reaches 77, over 100 missing after devastating floods in the Democratic Republic of Congo

On Sunday, Congolese authorities reported that the death toll from devastating floods and separate boating incidents has reached 77, with more than 100 people still unaccounted for. In the northwestern Equateur province, emergency teams have recovered a total of 48 bodies following the capsizing of three boats on Lake Tumba amid severe weather conditions the previous Wednesday. Approximately 50 people were rescued by emergency responders. Separately, 29 fatalities have been confirmed after heavy rainfall over the weekend triggered floods and landslides in the capital city of Kinshasa, isolating certain areas and inundating numerous homes. Kinshasa, home to approximately 18 million people, frequently experiences severe flooding during the rainy season, particularly in low-income neighborhoods. Experts attribute the heavy rainfall to climate change. The consequences have been devastating due to insufficient urban planning and inadequate drainage systems. Access to clean water has also been compromised due to the floods, with at least 16 communities experiencing shortages after water supply facilities were damaged. As reconstruction efforts began in Kinshasa to restore damaged infrastructure, President Felix Tshisekedi visited those displaced by the floods. His administration has pledged to cover the funeral costs for the 29 deceased people. Additionally, a government team has been deployed to coordinate the humanitarian response in Equateur province, and steps are being taken to strengthen the government's disaster prevention strategies and enhance resilience within local communities.

1. Congo death toll hits 77 after extreme weather brings floods and sinks boats, 107 remain missing | AP News. (2025, June 16). AP News.

2. Vardhan, H., & Vardhan, H. (2025, June 17). 77 killed, over 100 missing after severe storms capsize boats and cause flash floods in DR Congo. The Watchers.

3. Kyekyeku, K. O., & Kyekyeku, K. O. (2025, June 17). Congo reels from dual disasters as death toll rises to 77, over 100 still missing. Face2Face Africa.

4. Makumeno, E. (2025, June 16). DR Congo flooding: Heavy rains in dry season in Kinshasa kill at least 29.

5. 30 killed in a boat sinking in northwestern Congo, residents say | AP News. (2025, June 12). AP News.

6. Bola, G., Trigg, M., & Tshimanga, R. (2025, April 17). Why Kinshasa keeps flooding – and why it’s not just about the rain. The Conversation.

7. Susan Chacko, & Susan Chacko. (2025, April 24). Extreme flooding events in Congo set to occur every two years in a warming world. Down to Earth.

Monday, June 9, 2025

Russia offers to mediate in Israel-Iran conflict and store Tehran’s uranium

On Monday, Russia expressed its willingness to mediate the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran. It said that its proposal to store Tehran's uranium in Russia is still on the table. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated, "This proposal remains relevant; however, the onset of hostilities has significantly complicated the situation." Prior to Israel's military actions against the Islamic Republic, Russia had indicated last week its readiness to remove highly enriched uranium from Iran and convert it into fuel for civilian reactors as a potential means to mitigate the crisis. While Tehran insists on its right to pursue peaceful nuclear energy, the rapid advancement of its uranium enrichment activities has intensified concerns in both the West and the Gulf about its possible ambitions to develop nuclear weapons. U.S. President Donald Trump expressed hope on Sunday for a swift resolution and pointed to the potential for Russian President Vladimir Putin to play a supportive role. Peskov reiterated that Russia stands ready to mediate if required but emphasized that the underlying issues of the conflict must be addressed and resolved. He noted that military strikes have escalated the crisis to levels that are beyond serious. When asked about Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's comments to Fox News on Sunday, which suggested the potential for regime change in Iran following Israel's military actions, Peskov acknowledged those comments and condemned such statements, which he indicated have contributed to a dangerous increase in regional tensions.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, June 16). Russia is ready to mediate on Iran, and to accept Tehran’s uranium, Kremlin says. Reuters.

2. Agencies, N. a. S. &. (2025, June 16). Russia: Ready to mediate on Iran, and to accept Tehran's uranium. The New Arab.

3. Times, M. (2025, June 18). Putin says Russia is ready to mediate Israel-Iran conflict during call with UAE president. The Moscow Times.

4. Kirill Gayvoronskiy. (2025, June 17). Russia offers to mediate between Iran and Israel. JNS.org.

5. Rosenberg, S. (2025, June 17). Russia fears another loss in Middle East from Iran’s conflict with Israel.

6. TOI STAFF. (2025). Putin eyes role as Israel-Iran peacemaker to boost wilted Mideast influence. Timesofisrael.com.

7. Vladimir Soldatkin, & Osborn, A. (2025, June 18). Russia tells US not to strike Iran, warns of nuclear catastrophe. Reuters.

Tuesday, June 10, 2025

Xi Jinping arrives in Kazakhstan for high-level meetings as Astana awards nuclear contract to China and Russia

On Tuesday, Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled to Kazakhstan to participate in the China-Central Asia Summit, as Beijing seeks to strengthen its relationships in the energy-rich and strategically important region. This trip marks Xi's third international visit of the year and his sixth to Kazakhstan in the past decade, making it his second most-visited nation after Russia. Sun Weidong, head of the China-Central Asia Mechanism organizing the regional summit, emphasized that Beijing aims to bolster political trust among its partners, stabilize global industrial and supply chains, and promote an open and stable trading environment. Leaders from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan also attended the summit. The meeting follows Kazakhstan's decision to award contracts for its first nuclear power plants to both Russia and China. On June 14, Kazakhstan's atomic energy agency announced its selection of Russia's Rosatom, which has an established presence in the region, and the China National Nuclear Corporation to construct one nuclear power plant each. While the contract with Russia is expected to be finalized this summer, a specific timeline for the agreement with China has not been provided. The agency cited the comprehensive nature of the proposals as a key reason for its decision. The deal highlights the challenges European firms face in competing for potentially lucrative opportunities in Central Asia.

1. Chen, A., & Chen, A. (2025, June 17). Xi Jinping heads to energy-rich Kazakhstan for China-Central Asia summit. South China Morning Post.

2. Griffiths, J. (2025, June 17). Xi works to cement Beijing’s ties with Central Asia during Kazakhstan visit. The Globe and Mail.

3. Collet, E., & Szumski, C. (2025, June 18).Europe left in the cold as Kazakhstan picks China and Russia for nuclear contracts. Euractiv.

4. Kazakhstan enlists Russia and China to build first nuclear power plants since Soviet era. (2025, June 16). Euronews.

5. Reuters. (2025, June 16). China’s Xi meets Kazakh leader Tokayev, widen cooperation, Xinhua says. Reuters.

6. Nan, H. (2025, March 24). China’s special envoys are redefining global diplomacy.East Asia Forum.

7. Bulatkulova, S. (2025, June 15). From Silk Road to Shared Future: Significance of China-Central Asia cooperation - The Astana Times. The Astana Times.

Wednesday, June 11, 2025

Czech government survives no-confidence vote amid bitcoin scandal

The Czech government survived a parliamentary no-confidence vote on Wednesday, marking the fourth such motion since it took office in 2021. The main opposition party initiated the vote in response to a bitcoin scandal. In the 200-seat lower house, only 94 opposition members voted to unseat the four-party coalition led by conservative Prime Minister Petr Fiala, falling short of the 101 votes needed to dissolve the government. The main opposition party, the centrist ANO (YES) movement, led by populist billionaire Andrej Babiš, called for the vote following Justice Minister Pavel Blažek’s acceptance of a bitcoin donation, which he later sold for nearly 1 billion Czech koruna ($47 million) earlier this year. Blažek resigned on May 30 amid the controversy, stating that he was unaware of any illicit activities but chose to step down to protect the coalition from the fallout. Prime Minister Fiala expressed confidence that Blažek acted with good intentions. However, Blažek was replaced by Eva Decroix, who announced plans to conduct an independent investigation into the ministry's handling of the situation. The issue at hand revolves around the fact that the bitcoins were donated by an individual with a history of drug offenses and other crimes, raising questions about the motives behind the donation. The opposition has accused Blažek of potential money laundering due to the uncertain origins of the bitcoins and has demanded the resignation of the entire government. The scandal surfaces just months before the parliamentary elections scheduled for October 3-4, where Babiš and his party are expected to secure a major victory. Currently, the national police's organized crime unit is investigating the matter.

1. Czech coalition government survives no-confidence vote over bitcoin scandal | AP News. (2025, June 18). AP News.

2. Reuters Staff. (2025, June 18). Czech government survives no-confidence motion over bitcoin scandal. Reuters.

3. Zachová, A., & Mandilara, S. (2025, June 19). Czech government survives no-confidence vote amid bitcoin scandal. Euractiv.

4. World, C. (2025, June 19). Czech Republic’s Civic Democratic Party Survives No-Confidence Vote Amid $45 Million Bitcoin Scandal.Ainvest.com.

5. Czech coalition government faces a parliamentary no-confidence vote over bitcoin scandal | AP News. (2025, June 17). AP News.

6. Czech justice minister resigns over a donated bitcoin scandal | AP News. (2025, May 30). AP News.

7. Tomas Jirikovsky exposed: FBI and Czech authorities pursue Darknet Bitcoin trail - Central Register of Debtors. (2025, May 6).

Thursday, June 12, 2025

New Zealand suspends millions in funding to Cook Islands amid concerns over China ties

On Thursday, New Zealand announced that it was suspending millions of dollars in funding to the Cook Islands due to agreements the smaller Pacific nation had made with China. New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Christopher Luxon, who is on his first official visit to China, stated that the Cook Islands had not been transparent or forthcoming about its comprehensive strategic partnership with China. He indicated that Wellington would halt some of the aid money until it obtains more clarity on the matter. Cook Islands Prime Minister Mark Brown informed Parliament that the funding had been "paused" rather than completely halted, downplaying the significance of the frozen amount. The relationship between the smaller Pacific island nation and its allies has faced challenges as Beijing seeks to increase its influence in the region. In February 2025, the Cook Islands and China signed a comprehensive strategic partnership agreement that includes cooperation in trade, investment, oceans, infrastructure, and transportation. Brown stated that the agreements with China did not replace the longstanding relationships with New Zealand, Australia, and other countries, but rather complement them. He added that it ensures that the Pacific nation has a diversified portfolio of partnerships. Beijing further asserted that the agreements were not intended to provoke New Zealand and defended its collaboration with the country, which comprises 15 islands and is home to approximately 15,000 residents. While the Cook Islands enjoy self-governance, they share military and diplomatic connections, as well as a common passport, with New Zealand. Also, Wellington is the largest financial supporter of the islands.

1. New Zealand suspends funding to the Cook Islands over its China ties | AP News. (2025, June 19). AP News.

2. Craymer, L. (2025, June 19). New Zealand halts Cook Islands funding over China row. Reuters.

3. Ng, K. (2025, June 19). New Zealand halts funding for Cook Islands over China deals.

4. Reporter, G. S. (2025, June 19). New Zealand halts millions of dollars in aid to Cook Islands over deals struck with China. The Guardian.

5. 台北時報. (2025b, June 19). NZ halts Cook Islands aid over PRC row. Taipei Times.

6. Watson, K. (2025, February 28). Cook Islands China deal riles allies as West’s grip loosens.

7. Foster, Sophie, Crocombe, Tuainekore, M., Crocombe, & G, R. (2025, June 19).Cook Islands | Beaches, culture & Activities. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Friday, June 13, 2025

Mexico evaluates the damage caused by Hurricane Erick, which left one dead

On Friday, officials in southern Mexico continued to assess the damage and monitor rising rivers following heavy rains from the lingering effects of Hurricane Erick, which had soaked the area. Authorities reported landslides, blocked roadways, downed power lines, and some flooding. Coastal residents, particularly in Acapulco, took the storm seriously due to the haunting memories of the devastating Hurricane Otis in 2023. Acapulco, home to nearly 1 million people, was severely impacted by Otis, a Category 5 hurricane that rapidly intensified and caught many unprepared. The storm killed at least 52 people, and nearly every hotel in the resort area suffered extensive damage. In the aftermath of Erick, restaurants, shops, and supermarkets in Acapulco began to reopen slowly. However, schools were to remain closed throughout Guerrero on Friday, while officials worked to evaluate the damage, clear debris, and monitor the swollen rivers. Power had been restored to approximately half of the 277,000 customers who had lost it. Military personnel, including soldiers, marines, and National Guard members, were deployed to assist in debris removal and the reopening of roads in Guerrero and Oaxaca states, which Erick had affected. Initially, Erick intensified to a Category 4 storm as it approached the coast, but weakened to a Category 3 before landfall. As of Friday, the storm’s death toll stood at one. A 1-year-old boy had drowned in an overflowing river, according to President Claudia Sheinbaum, who also expressed her intention to visit the affected area that day.

1. Mexico assesses damage from Hurricane Erick as rising rivers leave at least 1 dead | AP News. (2025, June 20). AP News.

2. De Último Minuto, R. (2025, June 20). | Hurricane Erick leaves two dead and material damage after passing through southern Mexico | De Último. De Último Minuto.

3. Gilbert, M. (2025, June 19). Erick, the strongest hurricane to hit Mexico so early in the year, triggers deadly flooding. CNN.

4. Buschschlüter, V. (2025, June 19). Mexico begins clean-up after hurricane Erick hits southern coast.

5. Hurricane Erick is quickly building strength as it heads toward Mexico. Here’s why | AP News. (2025, June 18). AP News.

6. Tropical Storm Erick off Mexico’s Pacific coast nears hurricane strength | AP News. (2025, June 18). AP News.

7. Hurricane Otis kills at least 27 in Acapulco, Mexico | AP News. (2023, October 27). AP News.

Saturday, June 14, 2025

India permanently suspends Indus waters treaty with Pakistan following civilian deaths

India announced on Saturday that it will never reinstate the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, following the deaths of 26 civilians in Indian-administered Kashmir, an incident Delhi has labeled a terrorist act. Pakistan has denied any involvement in the event. Still, the treaty remains inactive even after a ceasefire was reached between the two nuclear-armed nations last month, following their most intense clashes in decades. Home Minister Amit Shah stated that India has ceased its participation in the 1960 treaty that governs the distribution of the Indus river system. The treaty had guaranteed water access for 80% of Pakistan's agricultural land through three rivers originating in India. Shah announced that the water allocated for Pakistan will now be redirected for domestic use and will not be reinstated. He added that India plans to channel the water flowing to Pakistan to Rajasthan by constructing a canal. Shah's statements diminish Islamabad's hopes for negotiations regarding the treaty. Pakistan's Foreign Ministry has asserted that the treaty contains no provisions for unilateral withdrawal and any obstruction of the river water supplied to Pakistan would be viewed as "an act of war." Sources suggest that Islamabad is also considering a legal challenge against India's decision to suspend the treaty under international law.

1. Reuters. (2025, June 21). India says it will never restore Indus water treaty with Pakistan. Reuters.

2. Momand, A. (2025, June 21). FO assails Indian home minister’s ‘brazen disregard’ for int’l agreements with remarks on never restoring IWT. DAWN.COM.

3. Khajuria, S. (2025, June 20). Won’t share Indus waters with other states: Omar. The Times of India.

4. Et. (2025, June 21.). Economic Times - Business news, stock market, Financial news, India News. The Economic Times.

5. Michel, D. (2025, May 29). Can India Cut Off Pakistan’s Indus River Lifeline? Center for Strategic International Studies.

6. Singh, S. C., & Shahid, A. (2025, April 24). What is the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan? Reuters.

7. Nuclear rivals India and Pakistan step back from brink of war. Here’s a timeline of how it happened | AP News. (2025, May 12). AP News.

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS

World Week in Review

Israel and Iran engaged in renewed hostilities this week, marking one of the most intense confrontations between the two nations in recent years. Israeli forces reportedly conducted over 200 airstrikes overnight, targeting Iranian nuclear facilities, military installations, and key personnel as part of "Operation Rising Lion." According to Iranian officials and state media, at least 78 to 80 people were killed and more than 320 injured, including civilians and several nuclear scientists; these figures have not been independently verified. Iranian state media also reported the deaths of several nuclear scientists, though these claims remain unverified by international sources.

In response, Iran launched more than 200 ballistic missiles and drones at Israel in multiple waves. Israel’s military reported intercepting the majority of these projectiles, but at least 10 people were killed and over 200 injured in Israel, according to Israeli emergency services and hospital reports. Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu stated that Israel’s campaign would continue “as many days as it takes,” while Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei warned of further retaliation. Israel closed its airspace and declared a state of emergency in response to the escalation.

The United States government stated it was not involved in the Israeli strikes but confirmed that U.S. forces assisted Israel in intercepting Iranian missiles. Saudi Arabia condemned the Israeli strikes as violations of Iran’s sovereignty and international law, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) described the attacks on Iran’s Natanz nuclear site as “deeply concerning,” noting destruction of the above-ground enrichment facility but no increase in external radiation levels.

Global financial markets reacted sharply, with declines in European and Asian stock indices and a rise in safe-haven assets such as gold. Brent crude futures rose by over 7% following the escalation between Israel and Iran. The UK issued a maritime security warning to ships in the Gulf region, citing the risk of military activity amid rising tensions. Iranian officials warned that the country would retaliate “without hesitation” if attacked.

A major aviation disaster occurred in India when an Air India Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner crashed into a residential area of Ahmedabad shortly after takeoff on a flight bound for London Gatwick. The aircraft was carrying 232 passengers and 12 crew members. Authorities reported 244 fatalities, including passengers and people on the ground, making it the first fatal crash involving a Boeing 787 since the model’s introduction in 2009.

In neighboring Pakistan, the government has announced a significant increase in defense spending by 20%, coinciding with a broader cut of 7% in government expenditures. This decision follows recent military clashes with India, which is also ramping up its defense budget by approximately 10%.

Israel’s ruling coalition narrowly survived a vote to dissolve the Knesset after reaching a last-minute agreement with ultra-Orthodox parties over proposed changes to conscription laws. The opposition, which had hoped to trigger early elections, will now have to wait six months before introducing another similar motion. Israeli forces intercepted a British-flagged yacht, the Madleen, carrying activists and aid as it attempted to break the naval blockade of Gaza.

Consumer prices in China fell by 0.1% year-on-year in May, marking the fourth consecutive month of deflation, while producer prices dropped by 3.3%. Despite government stimulus, consumer confidence remains weak. A court in South Korea, indefinitely postponed the trial of President Lee Jae-myung on charges of violating election laws, citing constitutional protections for sitting presidents. In Italy, a referendum to make it easier for foreigners to gain citizenship was declared invalid when voter turnout fell well under the required 50% threshold.

This week in depth

Sunday: Tehran claims a major intel theft on Israel’s secret nuclear program.

Monday: Russia announces strategic plan in Africa, while Italy's referendums flop.

Tuesday: Greek lawmakers expelled due to ties to jailed far-right politician.

Wednesday: Turkey and Indonesia reach deal for 48 of its KAAN Fighter Jets.

Thursday: Two center-left political parties in the Netherlands unite to confront right-wing in elections.

Friday: Finland blames officers linked to Russia’s shadow fleet of underwater sabotage.

Saturday: Seoul queer culture festival draws thousands after presidential election.

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Sunday, June 8, 2025

Iran claims to have stolen critical intelligence on Israel's nuclear program

Iran’s Intelligence Minister, Esmail Khatib, announced on Sunday that Tehran has seized information regarding Israel’s nuclear program, just as the Islamic Republic is likely to face increased diplomatic scrutiny regarding its own nuclear activities this week. During a Cabinet meeting, Khatib revealed that agents from the Intelligence Ministry had “secured a significant collection of strategic, operational, and scientific intelligence” on the Israeli regime. He asserted that thousands of documents had been obtained and promised that they would be made public soon. Khatib alleged that these documents contain information related to the U.S., Europe, and other nations. He said they were obtained through “infiltration” and “access to sources,” though he did not disclose specific methods used. Israel, which has an undeclared nuclear weapons program, has not acknowledged any Iranian actions against it. However, there have been arrests of Israelis suspected of spying for Tehran during the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict in the Gaza Strip. For Iran, this announcement might be intended to demonstrate to its citizens that the theocratic regime successfully countered an Israeli operation from 2018 that targeted its nuclear program. In the coming week, Western countries are expected to present a proposal to the IAEA’s Board of Governors, seeking to declare Iran in noncompliance with the United Nations’ nuclear oversight agency. This could prompt one of the Western nations involved in the 2015 nuclear agreement to activate the so-called “snapback” mechanism for U.N. sanctions against the Islamic Republic. The authority to reinstate those sanctions will expire in October, creating urgency for the West to apply pressure on Tehran regarding its nuclear program before losing that leverage.

1. Iran claims without evidence it seized Israeli nuclear files | AP News. (2025, June 8). AP News.

2. Iranian media teases contents of alleged stolen Israeli nuclear documents. (2025, June 10). The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.

3. TOI STAFF. (2019). IAEA chief says information stolen by Iran refers to Israeli nuclear research site. Timesofisrael.com.

4. Israel alleges “Iran lied,” but offers no evidence it cheated on nuclear deal. (2018, May 2). [Video]. NBC News.

5. Iran International Newsroom. (2024, March 25). IAEA unaware of secret Iranian nuclear site targeted by Israel. Iran International.

6. Borger, J. (2017, November 25). The truth about Israel’s secret nuclear arsenal. The Guardian.

7. Diaz-Maurin, F. (2025, March 22). The US hypocrisy about Israel’s nuclear weapons must stop. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Monday, June 9, 2025

Russia expands security ties with Africa, while Italy rejects key referendums

On Monday, Russia announced its plans to enhance collaboration with African nations, particularly in the areas of defense and security. This announcement follows a recent statement from the Wagner mercenary group, declaring its withdrawal from Mali after assisting the military junta in combating Islamist insurgents. However, the Africa Corps, a paramilitary unit overseen by the Kremlin, said that it would remain in the West African nation. The Africa Corps was established with the support of the Russian Defense Ministry after Wagner's founder, Yevgeny Prigozhin, and commander, Dmitry Utkin, were killed in a plane crash following a failed coup attempt against the Russian military leadership in June 2023. Approximately 70-80% of the Africa Corps consists of former members of the Wagner Group. Russia's increased involvement in security matters across various regions of Africa has raised concerns among Western countries, which has come at the expense of France and the United States. Also, on Monday, Italy's referendums aimed at easing citizenship laws and enhancing job protections were rejected due to low voter turnout. Final figures indicated that only 30.6% of eligible voters participated over the two-day polling period, significantly below the 50% plus one threshold needed for the vote to be validated. The five proposals sought to simplify the citizenship acquisition process for immigrants and children of foreigners born in Italy, reduce the residency requirement from ten years to five, and offer greater job protections.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, June 9). Russia says plan to boost role in Africa includes “sensitive” security ties. Reuters.

2. AfricaNews. (2025, June 10). Russia says it plans to boost economic and military cooperation with Africa. Africanews.

3. Jazeera, A. (2025, June 9). Russia plans to boost economic and military ties in Africa. Al Jazeera.

4. Low turnout threatens Italy’s citizenship and job protection referendums | AP News. (2025, June 9). AP News.

5. Gozzi, L. (2025, June 9). Italian citizenship referendum void after low turnout.

6. Rainsford, S. (2025, June 8). Italy citizenship referendum: “I was born here - but feel rejected.”

7. Ferragamo, M. (2023, December 28). Russia’s growing footprint in Africa. Council on Foreign Relations.

Tuesday, June 10, 2025

Three far-right lawmakers expelled from Greek parliament over criminal ties

On Tuesday, three lawmakers from Greece's far-right were expelled from parliament due to their connections with a jailed politician convicted of leading a criminal organization. A court found that Vasilis Stigas, the leader of the far-right Spartans party, along with two other lawmakers from the party, had misled voters during the 2023 parliamentary election. The ruling comes amid growing concerns among traditionally dominant political parties regarding the rise of far-right factions across Europe and their potential threat to democratic principles. The court determined that the three lawmakers acted as proxies for a former member of Golden Dawn, a party influenced by neo-Nazi ideologies, who was sentenced to 13 years in prison in 2020 for orchestrating violent attacks against migrants and political opponents. The Spartans party, which secured 4.7% of the popular vote in the 2023 election, has denied any affiliation with Dawn and did not offer an immediate response to the ruling. The decision, which Greece’s conservative government has welcomed, will reduce the total number of seats in parliament from 300 to 297 for the remainder of the legislative term, lasting until 2027. It also lowers the number of votes required to pass legislation from 151 to 149. The two remaining Spartans lawmakers will continue to serve as independents.

1. Greek court ousts far-right lawmakers linked to jailed politician | AP News. (2025, June 10). AP News.

2. Smith, H. (2025, June 10). Greek court strips three far-right MPs of seats over electoral fraud. The Guardian.

3. Charlie, K. (2025, June 11). Greek Parliament Ousts Spartans Lawmakers Tied to Neo-Nazi Politician. Greek City Times.

4. Dhingra, K. (2025, June 10). Greek court strips three Far-Right lawmakers of parliamentary seats. NewsX World.

5. Gogos, C. (2025, June 11). Greek electoral court expels far-right MPs from parliament. NEOS KOSMOS.

6. Fallon, K. (2023, June 30). ‘Very worrying’: Three far-right parties enter Greek parliament. Al Jazeera.

7. BBC News. (2020, October 7). Greece Golden Dawn: Neo-Nazi leaders guilty of running crime gang

Wednesday, June 11, 2025

Turkey to export 48 KAAN Fighter Jets to Indonesia

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on Wednesday that Turkey will sell 48 of its domestically developed KAAN fighter jets to Indonesia. This agreement marks the first export of these advanced aircraft, which are still under development. Erdoğan said that, while the fighter jets will be produced in Turkey, Indonesia’s “local capabilities” will be incorporated into the manufacturing process. He did not provide further details or disclose the financial value of the agreement, which was revealed during the Indo Defense 2025 defense industry exhibition in Jakarta. Analysts suggest that Indonesia's decision to finalize this purchase stems from President Prabowo Subianto’s commitment to strengthening the military by acquiring submarines, frigates, and fighter jets, as well as enhancing defense collaboration with various countries. Since becoming defense minister in 2019, Subianto has traveled extensively, visiting countries such as China, France, Russia, Turkey, and the United States to secure new military systems and enhance surveillance and territorial defense. The Indonesian Air Force currently operates a variety of fighter jets from several nations, including the U.S., Russia, and the United Kingdom. Many of these aircraft are nearing the point of requiring replacement or upgrades, which is where the KAAN fighter jets will play a role. Pakistan and Azerbaijan, both of which maintain strong defense relations with Turkey, have also expressed interest in acquiring KAAN fighters.

1. Turkey to export 48 of its nationally produced fighter jets to Indonesia | AP News. (2025, June 12). AP News.

2. Martin, T., & Martin, T. (2025, June 11). Indonesia and Turkey ink deal for 48 KAAN fighter jets. Breaking Defense.

3. Agencies, D. S. W. (2025, June 11). Türkiye to export 48 Kaan fighter jets to Indonesia in “record” deal. Daily Sabah.

4. Soylu, R. (2025, June 11). Indonesia signs $10bn deal to buy 48 Turkish Kaan fighter jets. Middle East Eye.

5. Nikolov, B., Nikolov, B., & Nikolov, B. (2025, June 11). Indonesia buys 48 Turkish KAAN jets in $10B defense deal triumph. Bulgarian Military Industry Review.

6. Vermonte, P. (2025, April 10). Two nations, one vision: Indonesia and Turkey's growing partnership. The Jakarta Post.

7. Turkiye Indonesia Relations – TBC | Turkiye Business Center. (2025).

Thursday, June 12, 2025

Dutch center-left parties merge to challenge right-wing ahead of elections

On Thursday, two center-left political parties in the Netherlands agreed to merge just months before a general election in which they aim to shift the political tide away from right-wing populism. Members of the Labor Party and Green Left overwhelmingly voted in favor of forming a single new political entity, known in Dutch as GroenLinks-PvdA. Following the vote, the parties indicated that a new name for the merged party will be established next year. Esther-Mirjam Sent, chair of the Labor Party, described the merger as a “historic moment,” emphasizing that the two organizations can achieve significantly more together than they could separately. Similarly, Green Left chair Katinka Eikelenboom expressed that her party’s members are “choosing with full conviction for cooperation and renewal,” underlining their commitment to creating a broad, green, and socially oriented people's party that is prepared for the future. The upcoming election on October 29 will determine all 150 seats in the Dutch parliament's lower house. This election was prompted when right-wing anti-Islam politician Geert Wilders withdrew his ministers from the ruling four-party coalition over a disagreement regarding the pace of reforms to implement stringent new migration control measures. The remaining three parties continue to govern in a caretaker capacity under Prime Minister Dick Schoof until a new government can be formed. Currently, the two center-left parties trail behind Wilders’ Party for Freedom in the Dutch polls.

1. Dutch center-left parties unite to challenge the right in a historic merger | AP News. (2025, June 12). AP News.

2. Dutch prime minister announces new elections after Wilders withdraws over migration | AP News. (2025, June 4). AP News.

3. Geert Wilders: Far-right populist shocks with big Dutch election win | AP News. (2023, November 23). AP News.

4. to, C. (2025). Dutch Labor Party. Historica Wiki; Fandom, Inc.

5. GroenLinks The Hague in English. (2025). Den Haag.

6. What to know about the Dutch government in turmoil and what happens next. (2025, June 4). PBS News.

7. Rowen, H, H., Wintle, & J, M. (2025, June 3). History of the Netherlands | Flag, Maps, culture, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Friday, June 13, 2025

Finland authorities accuse Russian-linked vessel officers of criminal offenses over the underwater cable damage

On Friday, Finnish authorities accused senior officers of a vessel linked to Russia of criminal offenses related to an incident that caused damage to undersea cables last year between Finland and Estonia. Reports indicate that the oil tanker, the Eagle S, dragged its anchor, damaging the Estlink-2 power cable and communication links between the two countries on December 25. Investigators assert that while the tanker was transporting 35,000 tons of oil, its operators allowed a drag trail with its anchor to extend nearly 100 kilometers (62 miles) on the seabed before the vessel was stopped and escorted to a Finnish port. By that time, the cable, measuring approximately 90 miles (145 kilometers) long and about 90 meters (295 feet) deep, had already sustained damage. The individuals involved, whose identities have not been disclosed, are suspected of committing aggravated criminal mischief and aggravated interference with telecommunications. The findings from the investigation have been forwarded to Finnish prosecutors for potential charges against the senior officers. The vessel, registered under the Cook Islands flag, is described by Finnish customs officials and the European Union’s executive commission as part of Russia’s shadow fleet of fuel tankers. Officials suggest that Russia uses aging ships with unclear ownership to circumvent Western sanctions, often operating without insurance that meets Western standards. However, Russia has denied owning any such vessel or being involved in damaging underwater infrastructure, which provides power and communication to thousands of Europeans. For Western nations, these incidents serve as a test of resolve against what are believed to be extensive sabotage attacks in Europe, allegedly connected to Moscow following its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

1. Finland accuses senior crew of Russia-linked vessel in damage of undersea power cable in Baltic Sea | AP News. (2025, June 14). AP News.

2. South China Morning Post. (2025, June 14). Finland accuses Russia-linked crew of damaging undersea power cable. South China Morning Post.

3. The European Conservative. (2025, May 20). Suspected shadow fleet tanker investigated for Baltic power cable ‘Sabotage.’ The European Conservative.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025a, February 21). Finland, Sweden probe suspected sabotage of undersea telecoms cable. Al Jazeera.

5. NATO to step up Baltic Sea patrols as Finland probes possible sabotage of undersea cables | AP News. (2024, December 27). AP News.

6. Kauranen, A., & Ahlander, J. (2022, May 12). Factbox: A brief history of Finland’s and Sweden’s strained ties with Russia. Reuters.

7. Justmovingaround. (2025, June 2). Finland’s relations with Russia shortly explained. Just Moving Around.

Saturday, June 14, 2025

Seoul LGBT+ community celebrates annual festival following election of liberal president

The annual Seoul Queer Culture Festival kicked off on Saturday in the South Korean capital, following the election of a new liberal president. Earlier this month, South Korea elected President Lee Jae-myung in a swift election following the impeachment of his conservative predecessor, Yoon Suk Yeol. Although Lee did not express his views on LGBTQ+ issues during the campaign, his victory has sparked hope among some community members that conditions may improve. Hwang Chae-yoo, the chief organizer, said that during the previous administration, hostility towards homosexuality and LGBTQ+ individuals intensified, leading to government policies that often overlooked LGBTQ+ concerns. Hwang emphasized that the community is determined to resist allowing politics to interfere with their lives. This year’s festival saw a strong turnout with many attendees waving rainbow flags and exploring booths set up by LGBTQ+ groups, embassies, and university clubs. Participants marched through the streets of Seoul, advocating for better human rights and self-worth for LGBTQ+ individuals. While organizers claimed that attendance reached 30,000, police estimated that the number of participants was closer to 7,000. As usual, protests against the event occurred nearby in central Seoul, with demonstrators holding blue and pink signs bearing messages like "Stop Homosexuality" and "Destroys Families." Fortunately, no confrontations occurred between the two groups or with law enforcement.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, June 14). Seoul’s LGBT community gathers for annual festival after liberal president elected. Reuters.

2. Min-Sik, Y. (2025, June 15). Thousands take to streets to claim LGBTQ+ rights in Seoul - The Korea Herald.

3. Online, S. (2025, June 14). Thousands Seoul’s LGBT community gathers for annual festival after liberal president elected. The Star.

4. France. (2025, June 14). Thousands celebrate South Korean Pride parade in Seoul. France 24.

5. Kim, M. J. (2023, May 4). No Pride for South Korea: Seoul denies parade permit, citing schedules. The Washington Post.

6. LGBT rights in South Korea | Equaldex. (2025).

7. South Korea’s LGBTQ community confronts crushing headwinds in fight for equality. (2022, December 29). NBC News.

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The week began with escalating violence in Gaza and continued international outcry over humanitarian conditions, culminating in the EU’s announcement of a trade review with Israel and ongoing but stalled ceasefire talks. Although Israel announced it would allow limited aid into the enclave after an 11-week blockade, the United Nations reported that the aid was not reaching those in need, warning that 14,000 babies could die without immediate food assistance. Israel’s government declared plans to maintain control over more than 70% of Gaza indefinitely. Renewed ceasefire talks in Qatar between Israel and Hamas made little progress.

President Donald Trump announced another round of tariffs this week, declaring a 50% levy on European Union imports effective June 1, citing stalled trade talks. He further threatened a 25% tariff on iPhones manufactured outside the U.S., pressuring Apple to shift production from China and India. These moves rattled global markets, causing Apple shares to drop 4% and the European Stoxx 600 index to fall nearly 2%. Trump also approved a partnership between U.S. Steel and Japan’s Nippon Steel, reversing the Biden administration’s earlier block of a full takeover on national security grounds, and claimed the deal would boost jobs and the economy in Pennsylvania. In Mexico, political violence shook the capital as two staff members of Mexico City’s mayor were assassinated in a rare daylight attack, prompting President Claudia Sheinbaum to vow justice.

Liberal mayor Nicusor Dan won a surprise victory in the presidential runoff in Romania, defeating hard-right candidate George Simion, who had counted on diaspora votes. Portugal’s ruling center-right Democratic Alliance increased its parliamentary seats in the third election in as many years, but again fell short of a majority, leading to the resignation of opposition Socialist leader Pedro Nuno Santos. Europe faced economic turbulence in response to U.S. tariff threats, with markets reacting sharply. In the UK, British officials investigated possible Russian involvement in a series of arson attacks linked to Prime Minister Keir Starmer, with suspicions that the accused may have been recruited by the Kremlin. The UK and EU reached a last-minute deal on fishing rights, clearing the way for broader post-Brexit “reset” talks covering defense, youth mobility, and agricultural trade.

Iran and the United States reported “constructive” progress in their fifth round of nuclear talks, though Iran’s uranium enrichment program remained a sticking point, with Tehran insisting its activities are peaceful. In Africa, South Africa proposed easing affirmative action laws in the telecom sector after pressure from Elon Musk, offering alternatives such as job creation and small business financing instead of mandatory equity transfers. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, former Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo Mapon was sentenced to ten years of forced labor for embezzling $245 million, a verdict he called politically motivated. Meanwhile, the country’s senate stripped former President Joseph Kabila of immunity over allegations of rebel support.

Asia witnessed significant economic and security developments. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang announced major investments in Taiwan, including a new headquarters and an AI supercomputer partnership with Foxconn and TSMC, as the company navigates U.S. pressure to invest domestically and maintain access to China. Southeast Asian leaders, meeting in Indonesia, called for greater regional integration to withstand the impact of U.S. tariffs, with Malaysia’s foreign minister urging unity and market diversification. In North Korea, three shipyard officials were detained after a failed naval destroyer launch.

In South Asia, tensions flared between India and Pakistan, with Pakistan launching large-scale military operations and missile strikes, prompting a temporary closure of Indian airspace. A U.S.-brokered ceasefire was quickly violated by renewed clashes. Pakistan also accused India of supporting rebels behind a deadly school bus bombing in Balochistan. In Afghanistan and Syria, violence continued with bombings and attacks on security forces.

Global concern grew over environmental destruction as Global Forest Watch reported the loss of 6.7 million hectares of forest in 2024—double the previous year—primarily due to wildfires driven by rising global temperatures. The organization called the figures a “global red alert”. In Russia, a state of emergency was declared in Buryatia as wildfires burned over 53,000 hectares. In the U.S., severe tornadoes killed at least 28 people across the Midwest and South, while a Mexican navy ship crashed into the Brooklyn Bridge, killing two and injuring dozens.

Sunday, May 18, 2025

Pro-EU candidate Nicusor Dan wins Romanian presidential runoff, defeating far-right challenger

On Sunday, Nicusor Dan, a pro-European Union candidate, emerged victorious in Romania’s closely monitored presidential runoff against George Simion, a far-right nationalist who modeled his campaign after U.S. President Donald Trump. Dan, the liberal mayor of Bucharest, won an unexpected victory in the second round of voting. Election results from nearly all polling places indicate that Dan received approximately 54% of the votes, while his far-right opponent secured 46%. Simion, who admires Trump, had anticipated that support from Romanians living abroad would help him clinch victory. In the initial round on May 4, Simion received almost double the votes compared to Dan, and many local polls had predicted he would win. However, a shift occurred due to Simion’s anti-EU stance, which Romania has been a member of since 2007. This change enabled Dan to garner nearly 900,000 additional votes, allowing him to surpass Simion in the final round. Dan is set to serve a five-year term, during which he will wield significant authority over national security and foreign policy decisions. He will also be responsible for appointing a new prime minister following Marcel Ciolacu's resignation due to the failure of his coalition’s candidate to progress to the runoff. Dan, 55, gained recognition as a civic activist opposing illegal real estate developments. He founded the reformist Save Romania Union party in 2016 but later chose to run independently on a pro-EU platform, reaffirming ties to the West, supporting Ukraine, and advocating for fiscal reforms.

1. Mcgrath, S., & Spike, J. (2025, May 19). Pro-EU centrist wins Romania’s tense presidential race over hard-right nationalist | AP News. AP News.

2. McCluskey, M., & Tanno, S. (2025, May 18). Romania’s pro-EU candidate unexpectedly beats hard-right rival to win presidential election. CNN.

3. Zagnat, S. R. P. K. &. O. (2025, May 19). Romanian liberal mayor Nicusor Dan wins tense race for presidency.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025b, May 19). Pro-EU Nicusor Dan defeats hard-right rival in key Romania election. Al Jazeera.

5. Elizaveta Gladun. (2025, May 19). EU leaders relieved after centrist beats pro-Trump rival to Romanian presidency. Reuters.

6. Mcgrath, S. (2025d, May 19). Who is Nicusor Dan, the pro-EU centrist who beat a nationalist in Romania’s tense presidential race? | AP News. AP News.

7. BBC News. (2018, October 8). Romania profile - Timeline.

Monday, May 19, 2025

China fully acknowledges Denmark's sovereignty over Greenland, amid U.S. interest

On Monday, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Danish counterpart that Beijing fully recognizes Denmark's sovereignty and territorial integrity concerning the Greenland issue. Wang's declaration comes months after U.S. President Donald Trump suggested that Washington should annex the strategically located semi-autonomous Danish territory. Wang expressed to Denmark's Foreign Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen that China hopes Denmark will reciprocate by respecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity as well. China maintains that the democratically governed Taiwan is part of its territory, a claim that Taiwan's government disputes. Recently, Beijing criticized Denmark for hosting former Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen, who engaged with Danish lawmakers and addressed a democracy summit in Copenhagen. The relationship between China and Denmark has faced difficulties due to Denmark's informal ties with Taiwan. It reached its lowest point in 2009 when the Dalai Lama visited Copenhagen. However, relations have since improved following Denmark's acceptance of China's gift of two pandas in a gesture referred to as "panda diplomacy." The two nations have also cooperated on green solutions. Denmark's expertise in wind power and environmental initiatives aligns with China's ambition for a green transition. Wang conveyed to Rasmussen that China is eager to strengthen economic, trade partnerships, scientific innovation and the green economy with Denmark. He highlighted that both nations agree on upholding multilateralism and maintaining free trade, expressing that China is keen to improve dialogue and collaboration with the EU.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, May 19). China fully respects Denmark’s sovereignty on Greenland, foreign minister says. Reuters.

2. Barrett, M. (2025, May 19). China confirms support for Danish sovereignty in Greenland. The Local Denmark.

3. Tt. (2025, May 19). China backs Denmark’s sovereignty over Greenland. Sweden Herald.

4. AFP - Agence France Presse. (2025, May 19). China says backs Denmark’s sovereignty on “Greenland issue.” Barrons.

5. TRT Global. (2025, May 20). China backs Denmark on Greenland amid US pressure.

6. Trump says military force not off the table for Greenland after Danish FM’s scolding remarks. (2025, March 30). PBS News.

7. Danish Institute for International Studies. (2017, October 30). Denmark and China as strategic partners. DIIS.

Tuesday, May 20, 2025

Canada announces G7 finance ministers will meet to tackle global instability and trade

On Tuesday, Canadian Finance Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne announced that finance ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations would meet to reach a consensus on policies to restore global growth and stability. He said that discussions would occur within the G7 and bilaterally with U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, focusing on the impacts of President Donald Trump's recent tariffs on trading partners. Tensions with the U.S. have arisen partly due to Bessent's insistence that G7 allies take more decisive action against China's state-directed, export-oriented economic strategies. He contends that it has led to an overabundance of manufacturing capacity, flooding the global market with low-cost goods. Bessent warned that these practices threaten the G7 and other market economies. However, G7 members Japan, Germany, France, and Italy are all facing a potential increase in reciprocal U.S. tariffs to 20% or higher by early July. Britain was able to successfully negotiate a limited trade agreement, yet it still faces a 10% U.S. tariff on most products. Host nation Canada continues to struggle with Trump’s 25% tariffs on various exports. The group acknowledged that tensions stemming from these new U.S. tariffs will likely linger and stressed the importance of the upcoming meeting. Over the next several days, sessions will be held in the mountain resort town of Banff, Alberta, where members will discuss excess manufacturing capacity, non-market practices, and financial crimes. Champagne said there is a need to return to the basics to tackle these significant issues effectively. He highlighted that the focus must be on restoring normalcy and rectifying the challenges brought about by the U.S. tariffs to fulfill their responsibilities to their citizens.

1. Lawder, D., & Mukherjee, P. (2025, May 21). Canada says G7 finance ministers to focus on restoring stability, growth. Reuters.

2. Author.Name. (2025, May 21). G7 finance chiefs gather with Trump tariffs, Ukraine war in focus. Arab News.

3. Agence France-Presse. (2025, May 22). G7 finance chiefs seek unity as Canada talks near end. INQUIRER.net.

4. G7 finance ministers aim to avoid public spats with U.S. despite trade turmoil. (2025, May 23). Financialpost.

5. Trump’s tariffs will test U.S. allies at G7 finance ministers’ summit. (2025, May 21). PBS News.

6. Canada’s outrage grows over Trump’s trade war with tariffs. (2025, March 14). [Video]. NBC News.

7. Chen, J. (2021, August 15). Group of Seven (G7) Defined: Member Countries & How It Works. Investopedia.

Wednesday, May 21, 2025

Amazon fires cause global forest loss crisis in 2024

On Wednesday, the World Resources Institute and the University of Maryland unveiled a report indicating that global forest loss has reached an unprecedented level, driven mainly by extensive fires caused by climate change. This annual report marks the first time fires have been identified as the leading cause of tropical forest loss, a grim milestone. The loss of pristine tropical forests totaled 6.7 million hectares (16.6 million acres), representing an 80% increase compared to 2023. This alarming surge can be primarily attributed to Brazil. The country has been battling uncontrollable fires in the Amazon amid the worst drought ever recorded in the region. The Amazon, home to the largest expanse of the world's tropical forests, saw a loss of 2.8 million hectares (6.9 million acres). This was the highest recorded by any nation, effectively undoing the conservation efforts made in 2023 when President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva pledged to protect the planet’s largest rainforest. Other countries, including Bolivia and Canada, were also ravaged by wildfires. Notably, Bolivia has surpassed the Democratic Republic of Congo as the second-largest country for tropical forest loss, despite having less than half the forest area of the African nation. Due to drought, wildfires, and government-supported agricultural expansion, Bolivia's deforestation skyrocketed by 200% in 2024. The report highlighted similar trends across Latin America, impacting countries like Mexico, Peru, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. Additionally, conflicts in Colombia and the DRC have contributed to rising deforestation rates, with armed groups exploiting natural resources. Beyond the tropics, boreal forests that depend on seasonal fire patterns also saw historically high tree loss in 2024. Both Canada and Russia recorded a combined loss of 5.2 million hectares (12.8 million acres) due to rampant wildfires.

1. Andreoni, M., & Villegas, A. (2025, May 21). Amazon fires drive unprecedented global forest loss in 2024, report says. Reuters.

2. Greenfield, P. (2025, May 21). Fires drove record loss of world’s forests last year, ‘frightening’ data shows. The Guardian.

3. Outlook Planet Desk. (2025, May 21). Amazon fires drive record global forest loss in 2024, India not spared. Outlook Business.

4. Cbc. (2025, May 21). Fires in the Amazon drive record-shattering global forest losses in 2024. CBC.

5. jdsub16@gmail.com. (2025, April 28). 2024 Amazon Fires - Rainforest Foundation US. Rainforest Foundation US.

6. Moore, A. (2019, September 23). Amazon Rainforest fires: Everything you need to know | College of Natural Resources News. College of Natural Resources News.

7. RELEASE: Global forest loss shatters records in 2024, fueled by massive fires. (2025, May 20). World Resources Institute.

Thursday, May 22, 2025

Panama and Venezuela resume commercial flights after nearly a year of diplomatic tensions

Panama's Civil Aviation Authority announced on Thursday that commercial flights with Venezuela will resume, nearly a year after they were suspended due to a breakdown in diplomatic relations. Venezuela withdrew its diplomatic representation last July, following Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino's refusal to acknowledge the reelection of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. Panama was among the first countries in Latin America to call for a full review of the election results. Mulino's administration raised concerns about the fairness and transparency of the electoral process, which led Panama to remove its staff until election results could be assessed. This prompted a series of retaliatory actions that resulted in the suspension of air travel between the two nations. Other Latin American countries, the United States, and various Western nations were also concerned about the Venezuelan election results. The fallout lasted until this week, when an agreement was reached to resume commercial flights between Panama and Venezuela. The announcement followed Mulino's statement that he had received a letter from Venezuela, which he didn’t immediately read. Despite the correspondence's unknown contents, he believed restarting flights would be in Panama's best interest. He also hoped that Venezuela would agree to accept Venezuelan migrants being deported from Panama. Signs of reduced tensions became evident immediately after the announcement, as several commercial airlines began promoting flights between the two countries. Panamanian airline Copa confirmed that flights would be reinstated, and its team was in the process of finalizing schedules. Venezolana Airlines also announced that flights would start on Friday. While the resumption of flights suggests an improvement in relations, the underlying issues and disagreements regarding the legitimacy of the Venezuelan election results remain largely unresolved.

1. Panama and Venezuela to resume flights suspended for almost a year in diplomatic tensions | AP News. (2025, May 22). AP News.

2. Orinocotribune, & Orinocotribune. (2025, May 24). Panama and Venezuela resume commercial flights after 11 months. Orinoco Tribune - News and Opinion Pieces About Venezuela and Beyond.

3. Labanauskaite, G., & Labanauskaite, G. (2025, May 23). Panama-Venezuela flights to resume after year-long pause. AeroTime.

4. Aviacionline. (2025, May 23). Flights between Panama and Venezuela resume: schedules and frequencies. Aviacionline | Aviacionline Es El Sitio De Aviación En Español Más Leído Del Mundo.

5. Reuters Staff. (2024, July 29). Panama suspends diplomatic relations with Venezuela pending election review. Reuters.

6. The Brussels Times. (2024, July 29.). Venezuela cuts ties with seven Latin American States over controversial elections

7. Lieuwen, Edwin, McCoy, L, J., Martz, D, J., Heckel, & D, H. (2023, August 16). History of Venezuela | Government, oil industry, flag, & Map. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Friday, May 23, 2025

Turkey issues arrest warrants for 63 military personnel linked to 2016 coup attempt

On Friday, Turkish authorities announced arrest warrants for 63 active-duty military personnel linked to a group allegedly involved in the 2016 coup attempt. Early morning operations across the country resulted in the detention of 56 suspects, including four colonels from the army, navy, air force, and gendarmerie. According to the Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor’s Office, these suspects are believed to have ties to a banned organization known as the Fethullahist Terror Organization (FETO). This group was founded by Fethullah Gulen, a former cleric who gained a global following over the years. He initially supported President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s rise to power in 2003, but their alliance soured after the government closed several Gulen-operated educational institutions. This led Gulenists within the police and judiciary to initiate a corruption investigation against Erdogan’s administration. The situation escalated when rebellious military factions attempted to overthrow Erdogan's government by bombing the parliament building and the presidential palace. Fortunately, Erdogan managed to escape capture, but some 290 people were killed in the process. In the aftermath, a widespread purge across the military, police, judiciary, and various state agencies led to the detention of tens of thousands. Educational institutions, businesses, and media outlets associated with Fethullah Gulen were shut down. Gulen has consistently denied any involvement in the failed coup. Turkey has sought his extradition from the U.S., where he has lived in self-imposed exile since 1999. Unfortunately, Gulen passed away in October before any action could be taken.

1. Turkish prosecutors target 63 members of the military over ties to a 2016 coup attempt | AP News. (2025, May 23). AP News.

2. Utucu, S. B. (2025b, May 23). Turkey issues dozens of arrest warrants for military personnel over alleged links to 2016 coup. Euronews.

3. Turkey issues dozens of arrest warrants for military personnel over alleged links to 2016 coup. (2025, May 23). Saudigazette.

4. Desk, W. (2025, May 23). Turkey cracks down on military officers over alleged links to 2016 coup bid. Daily Jang.

5. BBC News. (2016, July 17). Turkey’s coup attempt: What you need to know.

6. Staff, A. J. (2024, October 21). Fethullah Gulen: From presidential ally to Turkey’s alleged coup mastermind. Al Jazeera.

7. Samie, & August. (2025, April 23). Fethullah Gülen | Movement, schools, beliefs, & alleged coup involvement. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Saturday, May 24, 2025

Southern Lebanon votes in municipal elections, testing Hezbollah’s dominance

On Saturday, residents of southern Lebanon voted in the country’s municipal elections. These elections will test support for Hezbollah in the predominantly Shiite regions following the end of the devastating Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Hezbollah has allied with the Amal party, led by Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri. Both entities are expected to secure victories in the mayoral elections and dominate the municipal councils. They have already achieved uncontested wins in numerous municipalities. South Lebanon represents the fourth and final district to cast votes since the polls began on May 4. Among those who voted on Saturday were Hezbollah members who had been injured during the explosions on September 17, 2024, when thousands of pagers detonated in a coordinated operation conducted by Israel. The attack claimed the lives of over a dozen individuals and left nearly 3,000 injured. Residents from border villages impacted by the conflict voted at polling locations in the nearby city of Nabatiyeh and the coastal city of Tyre. Polling stations were relocated to accommodate voters from communities that were completely destroyed during the conflict, which began when Hezbollah launched rockets at Israel on October 8, 2023, just one day after a deadly incursion into southern Israel by Hamas. Israel retaliated with shelling and airstrikes in Lebanon, escalating the situation into a full-scale war. The conflict resulted in over 4,000 fatalities in Lebanon and more than 80 soldiers and 47 civilians in Israel. A ceasefire brokered by the U.S. took effect in late November. Since then, Lebanon’s financially struggling government has been actively seeking international funding for reconstruction efforts, with the World Bank estimating that the costs will exceed $11 billion.

1. Mroue, B. (2025b, May 24). South Lebanon votes in municipal elections that will test support for Hezbollah | AP News. AP News.

2. Jazeera, A. (2025c, May 24). South Lebanon votes in municipal election seen as test of Hezbollah support. Al Jazeera.

3. TOI. (2025). Hezbollah’s post-war popularity is tested as southern Lebanon holds local elections. Timesofisrael.com.

4. Houssari, N. (2025, May 24). Aoun praises southern resilience as voters head to polls for municipal elections. Arab News PK.

5. Sharafeddine, A., & Chehayeb, K. (2025, May 4). Battered by war and economic crisis, Lebanon holds first local elections in almost 10 years | AP News. AP News.

6. BBC News. (2025a, February 14). What is Hezbollah and why has it been fighting Israel in Lebanon?

7. Mroue, B., Sewell, A., & Chehayeb, K. (2024, September 18). Hezbollah hit by exploding pagers in Lebanon and Syria: At least 9 dead, thousands injured | AP News. AP News.

Infographic of the week: Tree cover loss due to fires visualized on the GFW map, 2001-2021

Global Forest Watch. (2024, August 30). Over two decades of Fire-Driven loss in exceptional detail. Global Forest Watch Content.

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World Week in Review

The week began with solemnity as world leaders, dignitaries, and hundreds of thousands of mourners gathered in Rome for the funeral of Pope Francis, whose passing marked the start of nine days of mourning and reflection at the heart of the Catholic world. On the sidelines of the funeral, President Donald Trump and Ukraine’s Volodymyr Zelensky met briefly at St Peter’s Basilica- their first encounter since a fractious Oval Office meeting earlier this year. The symbolism was notable, but relations remain fraught. Nonetheless, the two governments signed a long-anticipated minerals and reconstruction agreement, granting the United States preferential extraction rights from Ukraine’s mineral reserves while leaving ultimate control in Kyiv’s hands. President Vladimir Putin announced a 72-hour unilateral ceasefire to coincide with Russia’s World War II commemorations on May 8th. Kyiv dismissed the gesture as “theatrical.”

In Yemen, a U.S. airstrike reportedly struck a Houthi-run compound housing African migrants, killing at least 68 according to Houthi sources and drawing criticism from humanitarian organizations.

Canada began the week with the news of a horrific attack at a Vancouver street festival, where a driver plowed into the crowd, killing at least 11 and injuring dozens more. The country went to the polls the following day, granting the Liberal Party a fourth consecutive term in power. The vote is largely seen as a reaction to President Trump's tariff policies and comments on Canada becoming the 51st state. In South Korea, the conservative People Power Party selected Kim Moon-soo as its presidential candidate for a snap election after President Yoon Suk-yeol was removed from office by the Constitutional Court.

Tensions soared in Kashmir after a massacre in the Indian resort town of Pahalgam, with India accusing Pakistan of complicity- a charge Islamabad denies. Meanwhile, Moroccan ports saw protests against the government’s normalization of ties with Israel, reflecting growing public discontent. Multiple activists were arrested.

Elsewhere, an investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists revealed that Beijing-backed non-governmental organisations have infiltrated United Nations meetings in Geneva, allegedly to promote China’s image and intimidate witnesses. The move comes as China seeks to ease tensions with Europe, lifting sanctions on five EU parliamentarians critical of its treatment of Uyghurs. China's official manufacturing PMI contracted in April, showing the impact of the on-going trade war.

Finally, at least 31 people were executed by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces in Amdiran, according to the Sudan Doctor's Network, which described the killings as war crimes. The UN has called Sudan the world’s worst humanitarian crisis.

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This week in depth

Sunday: Confidence in British Economy hits historic lows.

Monday: Tensions rise between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

Tuesday: Rioters attack reform synagogue in Israel.

Wednesday: Algeria proposes new military mobilization law amid rising tensions.

Thursday: North Korea and Russia start construction of groundbreaking bridge.

Friday: Venezuela defies international court order as tensions escalate with Guyana.

Saturday: India ends all trade with Pakistan over Kashmir.

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Sunday, April 27, 2025

British economic confidence plummets to record low as pessimism grows to 75%

Confidence in the British economy has plunged to a historic low, according to the latest Ipsos MORI poll. The April 2025 survey finds that 75% of respondents expect economic conditions to deteriorate over the next 12 months, up eight percentage points since March. Only 7% anticipate improvement, while 13% foresee no change. This yields a net economic optimism score of -68, the lowest since Ipsos began tracking the measure in 1978. This wave of pessimism surpasses even the depths recorded during the 1980 recession, the 2008 global financial crisis, and the COVID-19-induced cost-of-living crisis, when the net balance bottomed out at -64. The sharp decline in sentiment comes amid mounting concerns over the UK’s economic outlook, exacerbated by recent U.S. tariffs and persistent uncertainty among both consumers and businesses. The findings represent a significant setback for Labour Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who took office last July, pledging to make Britain the fastest-growing economy in the G7. Since then, economic confidence has dropped by 30 percentage points, with few prime ministers facing such entrenched negativity so early in their tenure. As a relatively trade-dependent economy among G20 nations, the UK government seeks to blunt the impact of reciprocal U.S. tariffs by negotiating a new economic agreement with the United States, hoping to stabilize the outlook and restore confidence.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, April 27). Britons’ confidence in economy falls to lowest since at least 1978, Ipsos MORI poll shows. Reuters.

2. Stone, N. (2025, April 27). Britons’ economic confidence hits record low: Implications for investors. Ainvest.

3. Wheeler, C. (2025, April 26). UK’s economic confidence lower than in crash, Covid or winter of discontent. The Sunday Times.

4. Dogioiu, I. E. (2025, April 28). The britons’ confidence in the economy has dropped to the lowest level ever recorded. spotmedia.ro.

5. Skinner, G. (2025, April 27). Ipsos Economic Optimism Index falls to historic low. Ipsos.

6. Policy Circle. (2025, March 10). UK economy in crisis: Policymakers struggle amid conflicting signals | Policy Circle. Policy Circle.

7. Ziady, H. (2024, July 5). Analysis: Welcome to power, Keir Starmer. Now fix Britain’s economic mess | CNN Business. CNN.

Monday, April 28, 2025

Pakistan warns of imminent Indian military action following deadly Kashmir attack

Pakistan’s Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif warned on Monday that a military incursion by India is “imminent,” following the April 22 militant attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, which left 26 tourists dead. The attack, the deadliest on civilians in the region in years, has sharply escalated tensions between the two nuclear-armed rivals. India, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has accused Pakistan of supporting the militants responsible and claims to have identified two of the attackers as Pakistani nationals. Islamabad has categorically denied involvement and called for an impartial international investigation. In response to mounting public outrage, Modi has granted India’s military “full operational freedom” to pursue those responsible, fueling speculation of cross-border retaliation. Asif stated that Pakistan’s military has reinforced its positions and placed forces on high alert, briefing the civilian government on the likelihood of an Indian strike. He emphasized that Pakistan would only consider the use of nuclear weapons in the event of a direct existential threat. “We have reinforced our forces because it is something which is imminent now… some strategic decisions have to be taken, so those decisions have been taken,” Asif told Reuters. Both countries have taken a series of retaliatory steps. India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, a key water-sharing agreement, and closed its airspace to Pakistani aircraft, following Pakistan’s earlier ban on Indian carriers. Diplomatic relations have further deteriorated, with both sides expelling diplomats and restricting visas. The economic fallout is significant: Air India projects losses of up to $600 million over a year if the airspace ban persists. International actors, including the United States and the United Nations, have urged restraint. U.S. officials have called on both sides to de-escalate and cooperate in investigating the attack, while the UN Secretary-General has offered to mediate. Despite these efforts, both Delhi and Islamabad remain on high alert, with sporadic cross-border fire reported and communications between military officials continuing. The situation remains volatile, with diplomatic space narrowing and the risk of escalation high. While a large-scale war is considered unlikely, any miscalculation could trigger a broader conflict between two nuclear-armed states.

1. Shahzad, A. (2025, April 28). Exclusive: Pakistan defence minister says military incursion by India is imminent. Reuters.

2. Wright, G. (2025, April 30). Pakistan claims “credible intelligence” India is planning an imminent military strike.

3. Jazeera, A. (2025f, April 29). Pakistan minister warns of possible Indian military strike in 24-36 hours. Al Jazeera.

4. Zargar, A. (2025, April 30). Pakistan claims India planning to attack within 36 hours as tension between nuclear-armed neighbors soars. CBS News.

5. Farooquee, N. (2025, April 28). Pahalgam attack: India hunts suspects days after Kashmir killings.

6. BBC News. (2019, August 8). Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it.

7. Conflict between India and Pakistan | Global Conflict Tracker. (2025, April 28.). Global Conflict Tracker.

Tuesday, April 29, 2025

Right-wing rioters assault attendees at Israeli-Palestinian Memorial Day event

Israeli police arrested three individuals on Tuesday following a violent riot by right-wing activists at the Reform Beit Samueli synagogue in Ra’anana. The incident occurred during a screening of the annual Israeli-Palestinian Memorial Day ceremony, organized by Combatants for Peace and the Parents Circle–Families Forum, which brings together bereaved Israelis and Palestinians. Approximately 200 protesters gathered outside the synagogue, with some forcing their way inside, throwing objects, firecrackers, and stones, and physically assaulting attendees. Four police officers and at least three participants were lightly injured in the violence. Attendees reported that their vehicles were vandalized as they left the scene, and police ultimately evacuated participants in small groups under escort. The riot was openly supported by local Likud party leader Racheli Ben Ari Sakat, who declared the attack “just the opening shot” and warned left-wing activists not to “test us." MK Gilad Kariv (Labor), a Reform rabbi who accompanied an injured attendee to the hospital, described the event as an “attempted pogrom,” sharply criticizing both the violence and the political backing it received. Security at the event was provided by Kfar Saba police, but only a limited number of officers were deployed despite prior warnings about the protest. This attack marks the fourth time in 15 years that the Ra’anana Reform synagogue has been targeted, highlighting ongoing tensions over religious pluralism and the role of far-right incitement in Israeli society. Reform leaders and civil society groups have condemned the violence as a grave assault on democratic values and communal remembrance. Some participants suggested this inadequate response may have been intentional, given that far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir oversees the police. During Mr. BenGvir's recent visit to the United States, a Brooklyn woman was chased by a group of his supporters after clashes, reportedly wandering into the area of a pro-Palestinian protest.

1. Rioters storm Ra’anana synagogue during screening of Israeli-Palestinian memorial event | The Times of Israel. (2025, April 30). The Times of Israel.

2. Forward. (2025, April 30). Right-wing activists riot outside Israeli-Palestinian memorial event at Reform synagogue in Israel. The Forward.

3. Peleg, B., Breiner, J., & Shpigel, N. (2025, April 30). Likud official backs far-right mob that stormed screening of Palestinian-Israeli memorial service at Reform s. Haaretz.com.

4. Limone, N. (2025, April 28). Israeli University bans Jewish-Arab group after it displayed images of dead Gazan children. Haaretz.com.

5. Adler, J. (2025, April 30). Israelis and Palestinians mark 20th joint Memorial Day ceremony. +972 Magazine.

6. Grunblatt, B. D. (2025, April 30). Reform movement files complaint over violent protest at event. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.

7. Nikki-Admin. (2019, June 3). The Israeli-Palestinian Memorial Day ceremony. Promised Land Museum.

Wednesday, April 30, 2025

Algerian government proposes new military mobilization law amid rising tensions with Morocco, Mali, and France

Algeria has introduced sweeping draft legislation to streamline military mobilization, reflecting heightened regional tensions and a shifting security landscape. Approved by ministers in April and presented to parliament this week, the bill seeks to clarify and operationalize Article 99 of the Constitution, which empowers the government to mobilize all national resources in times of major crisis. The legislation outlines procedures for transitioning from peacetime to wartime, granting the armed forces broad authority over civilian, economic, and institutional sectors. Under the proposed law, the military would be authorized to requisition property, direct industrial output, and control key sectors such as energy, transport, and exports. Citizens would face legal obligations to comply with mobilization orders, including mandatory reporting of foreign nationals from “hostile states,” with non-compliance punishable by up to three years in prison. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune has framed the bill as a necessary legal framework to address national emergencies, ranging from armed conflict to public health crises. The law also empowers the Ministry of Defense to oversee all aspects of mobilization, including the recall of reserves, in coordination with other ministries and institutions. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is tasked with informing Algerians abroad and justifying mobilization to international audiences. The legislative initiative coincides with a series of high-profile military exercises along Algeria’s borders, overseen by army chief of staff General Saïd Chengriha. These maneuvers come amid escalating disputes with Morocco over Western Sahara, deteriorating relations with Mali, highlighted by Algeria’s recent downing of a Malian drone, and a sharp diplomatic rift with France, which last year shifted its support to Morocco’s autonomy plan for Western Sahara. The draft law has unsettled many Algerians, who question its timing and intent, particularly after the Malian drone incident and amid concerns about regional instability. Critics see the move as both a response to external threats and a signal of Algeria’s readiness to assert its interests in a volatile geopolitical environment.

1. Algeria drafts wartime mobilization bill amid regional tensions | AP News. (2025, April 30). AP News.

2. AfricaNews. (2025, April 30). Algeria to unveil military mobilisation bill amid regional tensions. Africanews.

3. S.A. (2025, May 2). Algeria Accuses Morocco of Stoking Mali Tensions Amid Mobilization Law. Bladi.net.

4. Ayoub, A. (2025). The Blogs: Algeria’s Wartime Mobilization Law: The Domino Reshaping North African Security. Timesofisrael.com.

5. APA-Algiers (Algeria. (2025, April 30). Algeria explains general mobilisation law. APAnews - African Press Agency.

6. Staff, A. J. (2025, May 1). Why are relations between Algeria and France so bad? Al Jazeera.

7. International Crisis Group. (2024, November 28). Managing Tensions between Algeria and Morocco | Crisis Group. Crisisgroup.org.

Thursday, May 1, 2025

North Korea and Russia announce construction of first road bridge, further strengthening ties

On Thursday, North Korea and Russia announced the construction of their first road connection. The two nations praised the establishment of a bridge across their river border as a significant milestone that will further strengthen their booming relationship. According to Russia’s Tass news agency, the bridge will span 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) and take 1.5 years to complete. North Korea’s Korean Central News Agency indicated that the bridge would facilitate cross-border travel, promote tourism, and enhance the flow of goods. In recent years, exchanges and relations between the two countries have flourished, with North Korea supplying ammunition and troops to support Russia’s efforts in the war against Ukraine. Following the lifting of pandemic restrictions, the number of Russian tourists visiting North Korea has increased. However, group tours from China, representing over 90% of visitors before the pandemic, remain on hold. In 2023, nearly 97% of North Korea’s foreign trade was conducted with China, while only 1.2% involved Russia. These figures, however, are expected to rise following the bridge's completion. The two sides held a joint groundbreaking ceremony for this bridge at their border towns. Participating via video link were North Korean Premier Pak Thae Song and Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. Pak described the bridge's construction as “a historic monument” in their bilateral relations, while Mishustin called it a significant milestone for Russian-Korean ties.

1. Kim, H. (2025c, May 1). North Korea and Russia begin building their first road link | AP News. AP News.

2. Chater, J. (2025, April 30). North Korea hails first road bridge to Russia.

3. Russia confirms North Korean troops are in Ukraine. (2025, May 2). [Video]. NBC News.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025g, April 30). ‘Milestone’: Russia, North Korea begin first road bridge construction. Al Jazeera.

5. Afp. (2025b, May 3). North Korea and Russia begin construction of first road bridge. The Moscow Times.

6. Wishnick, E. (2025, March 25). Russia-China-North Korea Relations: Obstacles to a Trilateral Axis - Foreign Policy Research Institute.

7. Berriault, L. (2025, January 14). Analyzing the Russia-North Korea security alliance – GIS Reports. GIS Reports.

Friday, May 2, 2025

Venezuela rejects UN court ruling against election in disputed Essequibo region

On Friday, Venezuela's government dismissed a ruling from the United Nations' highest court, ordering the nation to refrain from holding elections for officials in a region in neighboring Guyana that both countries claim as their own. In a statement, President Nicolás Maduro's government said that international law does not permit the court to "interfere" with or "attempt to prevent" an election. They reiterated their long-standing position of not recognizing the International Court of Justice (ICJ) authority. Their response came a day after the ICJ, located in The Hague, issued its ruling at the request of Guyana, which accused Venezuela of violating a previous order by planning elections on May 25 for a governor and other officials in the Essequibo region. According to Maduro's administration, Essequibo “is an inseparable part of Venezuelan territory and a legacy from its liberators. Its protection is a historical, constitutional, and moral obligation that unites the Bolivarian Homeland." They further declared that no amount of international pressure, judicial coercion, or a foreign court will sway them from this conviction. The disputed area represents two-thirds of Guyana and is rich in gold, diamonds, timber, and other natural resources. Venezuela has long claimed Essequibo as its territory, asserting that it was part of its borders during the Spanish colonial period. It has consistently rejected the boundary established by international arbitrators in 1899, a time when Guyana was still under British rule. After years of unsuccessful mediation, Guyana turned to the world court in 2018, seeking a ruling that the 1899 border determination is valid and binding. Venezuela, however, contends that a dispute resolution agreement from 1966 effectively nullified the initial arbitration. Despite the court ruling, Venezuelan voters are set to go to the polls later this month to elect governors and lawmakers to oversee the region.

1. Venezuela rejects UN court order to halt election in territory under dispute with Guyana | AP News. (2025, May 2). AP News.

2. Reporter, G. S. (2025, May 2). Venezuela rejects UN ruling to refrain from holding election in disputed region. The Guardian.

3. AFP - Agence France Presse. (2025, May 2). Venezuela rejects UN court order to halt Essequibo elections. Barrons.

4. Venezuela rejects UN court order to halt election in disputed region with Guyana. (2025, May 2). RJR.

5. Wilkinson, B. (2025, May 1). A UN top court orders Venezuela to halt election plans in Guyana | AP News. AP News.

6. UN’s top court bars Venezuela from altering Guyana’s control over disputed territory. (2023, December 1). PBS News.

7. Venezuelans vote in referendum to claim sovereignty of territory under dispute with Guyana. (2023, December 3). PBS News.

Saturday, May 3, 2025

India imposes ban on goods from Pakistan after deadly Kashmir attack

On Saturday, India announced a ban on the import of goods from Pakistan or those passing through its territory following a deadly attack on tourists in the disputed Kashmir region. India's Directorate General of Foreign Trade stated that the ban would take effect immediately, citing the need to protect Indian assets, national security, and public policy. Under this directive, Indian ports will no longer welcome Pakistani-flagged vessels, and Indian-flagged ships will avoid docking at ports in Pakistan. In retaliation, Pakistan ceased all border trade, closed its airspace to Indian airlines, and expelled Indian diplomats. Islamabad also issued a warning to New Delhi, stating that any attempts to obstruct the flow of river water promised under a long-standing treaty would be regarded as an act of war. The historical relationship between India and Pakistan has been complex and contentious since the partition of British India in 1947. It ignited a prolonged territorial dispute over the Kashmir region, the site of last week's attack. The ambush, perpetrated by suspected militants, left at least 26 people dead in the scenic Pahalgam region of Kashmir Valley. India has accused Pakistan of being complicit in the attack, a claim that Islamabad vehemently denies. Pakistan, in turn, claims to possess "credible intelligence," suggesting that India may use the attack as a pretext for a military strike against it.

1. Jain, R. (2025, May 3). India bans imports from Pakistan amid tension over tourist killings. Reuters.

2. India prohibits all imports from Pakistan. (2025, May 3). Xinhua

3. HT News Desk. (2025, May 3). India suspends exchange of all inbound mails, parcels from Pakistan. Hindustan Times.

4. Pti. (2025, May 3). India bans direct, indirect imports from Pakistan. The Hindu.

5. Yadav, N. (2025, May 1). Pahalgam: US urges India and Pakistan to defuse tensions after Kashmir attack.

6. Bukhari, F. (2025, April 23). Attack on tourists in India’s Kashmir kills 26, injures 17, police say. Reuters.

7. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025b, May 3). Kashmir | History, People, Conflict, Map, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Infographic of the week: Conflict over Kashmir

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS

World Week in Review

Two Russian ballistic missiles struck a street in Sumy, Ukraine, on Palm Sunday, as locals were on their way to church services. At least 34 dead and more wounded. In response, Germany’s incoming Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, expressed his readiness to supply Kyiv with long-range Taurus missiles. However, this support is not ironclad across NATO, with President Trump accusing Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky of instigating Russia’s invasion. This statement follows Zelensky's recent interview on "60 Minutes," where he highlighted the dominance of Russian narratives in the ongoing conflict.

An Israeli airstrike hit the last fully operational hospital in Gaza City this week, taking place shortly after the military issued an evacuation warning and declared it to be a Hamas hideout. Hamas, in response, rejected the allegations that the hospital was being used as a command center, amidst ongoing tensions and humanitarian crises in the region. This news comes at the same time that Defense Minister Yoav Katz has indicated that Israeli troops will remain in Gaza buffer zones even after the conflict concludes.

In news relating to a possible Iran Deal, President Trump has indicated that a decision regarding a potential nuclear deal with Iran will be made "very quickly," following constructive talks held in Oman. At the same time, Special Envoy Steve Witkoff has emphasized that Iran must cease its nuclear enrichment and weaponization efforts in order for negotiations between the two parties to proceed, while Tehran maintains that its right to enrich uranium is non-negotiable. This news of slow progress in negotiations comes as reports suggest that the United States intervened to prevent Israeli military strikes against Iranian nuclear facilities, likely so as not to jeopardize talks.

On the economic front, the United States government has clarified its tariff policies regarding Chinese imports. Following a previous announcement of broad exemptions for high-tech goods, the White House confirmed that consumer electronics will still be subject to a 20% tariff linked to fentanyl, alongside new tariffs on Chinese semiconductors. In response, South Korea's government has announced a 25% increase in support for its chipmakers, totaling about $23 billion. Analysts suggest this decision on the part of the South Koreans is an attempt to supplant more traditional chip exporters amid uncertainty stemming from tariffs. However, China by no means has been idle, and since the ongoing tariffs have halted deliveries of airline jets from Boeing, further deepening the US-China Trade War.

Lastly, President Trump has indicated significant progress on trade negotiations as he met with a Japanese delegation, accompanied by key economic advisors. This is accompanied by reports that the Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni was also looking to negotiate tariff reductions during her visit to the United States. Analysts suggest these trade negotiations and the likely attached tariff rate cuts serve as a reason for hope despite the rapidly intensifying tariff war between China and the United States.

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This week in depth

Sunday: Noboa reelected in Ecuador, challenger demands recount.

Monday: Ghana approves new regulations on gold exports.

Tuesday: Jordan arrests 16 for alleged plot to attack Kingdom.

Wednesday: Supreme court in U.K. rules that protections and services for women only extend to biological females.

Thursday: Russian foreign minister condemns Estonia's new naval law.

Friday: Philippines approves imports of beef from Russia.

Saturday: Opposition leaders in Tunisia receive harsh prison sentences.

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Sunday, April 13, 2025

Ecuador's President Daniel Noboa declared winner, challenger calls for recount

On Sunday, Ecuador's national electoral council announced that President Daniel Noboa emerged as the winner in the presidential election. Throughout the counting process, he maintained a steady and unexpectedly large 12-point lead over the leftist candidate Luisa Gonzalez. With 92% of the ballots counted, Noboa secured 55.8% of the votes, while Gonzalez garnered 44.1%, representing a gap of over one million votes. Many were surprised by the results, particularly after the first round of voting in February, where Noboa finished just 16,746 votes ahead of Gonzalez. The president was able to secure victories in several key provinces that he had previously lost in the first round, including the coastal region of Guayas. Despite the electoral council's head, Diana Atamaint, declaring that the national tally indicated “an irreversible trend,” Gonzalez expressed disbelief about the results. She rejected Noboa’s win, labeling it "the most outrageous and grotesque electoral fraud in Ecuador's history." Addressing her chanting supporters, she said she would call for a recount. Her mentor, former President Rafael Correa, supported her allegations by claiming that the actual results would never be revealed. Noboa hit back, saying there was no doubt about his win. He expressed his gratitude to his supporters. This victory grants the 37-year-old business heir a full four-year term, having previously been elected in 2023 to complete his predecessor's term. However, Noboa may face obstacles during his presidency due to oppositional challenges. His party is nearly evenly matched with Correa's Citizens' Revolution party regarding seats in the national assembly, but neither holds a majority. As a result, Noboa is likely to encounter difficulties in implementing his ambitious plans for the country.

1. Valencia, A. (2025, April 14). Noboa says no doubt about his victory in Ecuador vote as rival demands recount. Reuters.

2. Rios, M. (2025, April 13).Ecuador’s President Daniel Noboa declared election winner as rival demands recount. CNN.

3. Kahn, C. (2025, April 14).Ecuador’s President Daniel Noboa wins reelection.NPR.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025c, April 14).Ecuador’s Noboa wins presidential run-off, rival demands recount. Al Jazeera.

5. Wells, I. (2025, April 14). Daniel Noboa: Centre-right leader wins re-election in Ecuador.

6. Cano, R. G., & Solano, G. (2025, April 15). Daniel Noboa: What to know about Ecuador's President and his plans to fight crime | AP News. AP News.

7. BBC News. (2018, February 7). Ecuador profile: Timeline.

Monday, April 14, 2025

Ghana bans foreign gold trade as new regulatory agency takes control to combat illegal mining

On Monday, Ghana, the largest gold producer in Africa, announced a ban on foreigners purchasing or trading artisan-mined gold within the country. Parliament approved the Ghana Gold Board bill on March 29, which President John Dramani Mahama signed into law on April 2. According to a newly established regulatory agency for gold exports, all gold purchases must now be made through licenses issued by the Ghana Gold Board, known as GoldBod. Licenses that were previously granted by the Precious Minerals Marketing Company will no longer be valid. Starting May 1, no entity will be allowed to buy or trade gold in Ghana except for GoldBod, which has been created to regulate gold transactions and optimize export revenues. Under this legislation, GoldBod will act as the exclusive buyer, seller, assayer, and exporter of all gold produced by licensed small-scale miners in the country. Anyone doing so without a license from the board will face criminal charges. Finance Minister Dr. Cassiel Ato Forson emphasized that GoldBod will ensure Ghana fully capitalizes on the entire value chain of gold, from extraction to refining, value addition, and marketing, both domestically and internationally. Ghana ranks sixth globally in gold production but has been plagued by illegal mining, known locally as “galamsey.” This issue has been largely fueled by high unemployment rates and a struggling economy. Despite government efforts to combat these issues, illegal mining has led to river pollution and other environmental concerns. The Ghanaian government is optimistic that this new law will effectively curtail such practices.

1. Kokutse, F. (2025, April 14). Ghana prohibits foreigners from trading gold in the country starting May 1 | AP News. AP News. Here

2. Muia, T. N. &. W. (2025, April 15). Ghana gold: Foreigners ordered to exit local trading market to boost revenue. BBC.

3. Reuters Staff. (2025, April 14). Ghana orders foreigners to exit gold market by April 30.Reuters.

4. Fortuné, C., & Bottin, A. (2025, April 16). Eye on Africa - Ghana bans foreigners from its gold trading market. France 24.

5. Adegoke, Y. (2025, April 16). Ghana’s gold regulator orders foreign players to leave market. Semafor.

6. Cnn. (2024, April 17). Galamsey in Ghana: Illegal mining pollution potentially linked to birth defects. CNN.

7. BBC News. (2025, January 7). Ghana country profile.

Tuesday, April 15, 2025

Jordan arrests 16 Muslim Brotherhood members in foiled attack plot linked to Iran and Palestinian militants

Jordanian authorities announced on Tuesday that they had arrested 16 members of the Muslim Brotherhood who were implicated in planning attacks against targets within the kingdom using rockets and drones. Officials reported that at least one rocket had been prepared for launch as part of an operation under surveillance by security forces since 2021. The General Intelligence Department revealed that security forces had uncovered a rocket manufacturing facility and a drone production site. Authorities stated that the scheme aimed to threaten national security, create disorder, and inflict material damage within the kingdom. They said some of the weapons were bound for the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and several Jordanians with ties to Palestinian militants were among those arrested. Some suspects were reportedly trained and funded in Lebanon. Officials said the conspiracy is linked to Iran and its allies' clandestine efforts to recruit agents to carry out acts of sabotage within the kingdom, to destabilize one of Washington's key regional allies. The Muslim Brotherhood, one of the most influential Islamist movements in the Arab world, has denied any involvement in the alleged plot. The organization asserted that it has consistently pursued a peaceful political path and has operated legally in Jordan for many years. Following last September's parliamentary elections, the movement’s political branch in Jordan, the Islamic Action Front, became the largest political group in parliament. However, government supporters continue to maintain a majority of seats. Authorities suggest that the Muslim Brotherhood could face a ban, as the constitution allows, if it is implicated in the case. If true, this plot signifies a shift in the Brotherhood's strategy toward Jordan.

1. Suleiman Al-Khalidi. (2025, April 15). Jordan says has foiled attacks by Muslim Brotherhood. Reuters.

2. Gritten, D. (2025, April 15). Jordan says 16 arrested over foiled rocket and drone attack plots. BBC.

3. TOI STAFF. (2025, April 15). Jordan says it foiled Muslim Brotherhood plot to attack kingdom with rockets, drones. Times of Israel.

4. Lucente, A. (2025, April 16). Jordan foils “sabotage” plot involving rockets and drones, 16 arrested. AL-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs Leading Independent News Source Since 2012.

5. Canaan Lidor. (2025, April 15). Jordan nabs 16 alleged Muslim Brotherhood terrorists. JNS.org.

6. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025, April 15). Muslim Brotherhood | Definition, History, Beliefs, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

7. Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan. (2014, July 20.). Counter Extremism Project.

Wednesday, April 16, 2025

UK Supreme Court rules definition of woman excludes trans women

Britain's Supreme Court ruled on Wednesday that the definition of a woman under equality laws applies exclusively to biological women and does not extend to trans women. This landmark decision has sparked concern among transgender advocates but has been welcomed by the government for its clarity. The case centered on whether a trans woman with a gender recognition certificate (GRC), an official document that legally recognizes a person's new gender, is protected from discrimination as a woman under Britain’s Equality Act. The ruling confirms that single-sex services for women, including shelters, hospital wards, and sports, can legally exclude trans women, thus resolving existing legal ambiguities. Advocates for transgender rights argue that this ruling may lead to discrimination, especially in employment. Transgender rights have become a highly politicized issue in Britain and across the globe. Critics claim that the conservative right has exploited identity politics to target minority groups, while others argue that support for transgender rights has encroached upon the rights of biological women. In the United States, legal challenges are ongoing following former President Donald Trump’s executive orders, which include barring transgender individuals from serving in the military. The British judgment on Wednesday follows a legal action by the campaign group For Women Scotland (FWS), which lost its case in Scottish courts. That ruling asserted that a trans woman with a gender recognition certificate was legally classified as a woman. FWS celebrated today’s decision, stating that women can now be confident that services and spaces designated for women are truly reserved for them. However, legal experts warn that other legislation may require urgent revision to ensure the protection of transgender individuals.

1. Tobin, S., & Holden, M. (2025, April 17).In landmark ruling, UK’s top court says legal definition of woman refers to biological sex. Reuters.

2. Haq, S. N. (2025, April 16). UK Supreme Court says legal definition of “woman” excludes trans women, in landmark ruling. CNN.

3. Carrell, S. (2025, April 17). Legal definition of woman is based on biological sex, UK supreme court rules. The Guardian.

4. Melley, B., Lawless, J., & Hui, S. (2025, April 16). UK’s top court says definition of a woman is based on biological sex | AP News. AP News.

5. Cochrane, A. (2025, April 16). Supreme Court backs “biological” definition of woman.

6. Transgender Trend. (2020, March 7). UK Transgender Rights Legislation - Transgender trend.

7. Shrimpton, H., & Moser, J. (2023, June). Two in three Britons think transgender people face discrimination, but support for gender-affirming measures is mixed. Ipsos.

Thursday, April 17, 2025

Russia says Estonia's new law escalates tensions in the Baltic Sea

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said on Thursday that Estonia’s recent legal reforms allowing its navy to use force against foreign vessels represent a provocative action that endangers shipping and security in the Baltic Sea. She said that Russia would respond appropriately to any acts of aggression targeted at its ships. The newly approved changes allow the Estonian Defense Forces to employ force within the nation’s maritime territory to address threats to critical infrastructure, defense installations, ports, and other facilities. These amendments are intended to strengthen the military's capacity to prevent incidents such as foreign merchant vessels intentionally severing marine cables and damaging other structures, which have been on the rise recently. Last week, Estonia seized the Kiwala, a ship under EU sanctions since February, as part of Russia’s alleged "shadow fleet." Western nations use this term to describe vessels they claim Moscow employs to circumvent international sanctions. These ships typically operate without regulation or insurance from traditional Western providers. Western sanctions on Russia and its economy have increased the number of vessels, including oil tankers, and the smuggling of sanctioned goods. Analysts estimate Russia's shadow fleet has generated approximately 25 billion euros amid the ongoing conflict with Ukraine. The Baltic Sea is a critical strategic region where NATO, the Russian military, and economic interests intersect. Estonia’s law quietly aims to disrupt Russia’s supply lines and diminish its naval influence in the Baltic Sea.

1. Reuters. (2025, April 17). Russia says new Estonian legislation threatens Baltic shipping security. Reuters.

2. Lauri, V. (2025, April 17). Riigikogu gives Defense Forces broader powers for use of force at sea. ERR.

3. EADaily. (2025, April 17). Zakharova warned what threatens Estonia with “pirate habits” against Russian ships.

4. Serohina, K. (2025, April 15). Estonian soldiers to receive authority to sink enemy ships. RBC-Ukraine.

5. Estonian president approves law granting military power to attack suspicious vessels | Caliber.Az. (2025, April 14). Caliber.az.

6. Mchugh, D. (2025, January 14). Shadow fleet of tankers keeps Russia’s oil money flowing despite Western sanctions | AP News. AP News.

7. Duxbury, C. (2023, March 25). Russia’s diplomatic clash with Europe flares in Estonia. POLITICO.

Friday, April 18, 2025

Philippines approves import of Russian beef into its market

On Friday, the Philippines approved the import of beef and cattle by-products from Russia into its market. According to the Russian news agency TASS, two Russian companies, Miratorg (Bryansk Meat Company) and Tkachev Agrocomplex, have received certification to export beef and beef offal, except for the head. The permitted parts include the throat, tongue, and corresponding lymph nodes. Sergei Yushin, the leader of Russia's National Meat Association lobbying group, said that any new markets represent a vital opportunity for Russian producers to diversify their supply chains and adapt to changing consumer demands. He pointed out that, given current import levels and the potential for consumption growth, the Philippine market is particularly attractive for Russian exporters. Although per capita beef consumption in the Philippines remains relatively low, it is expected to rise alongside economic development and increasing income levels, which will drive beef demand. Since Russia invaded Ukraine, the United States has imposed extensive sanctions aimed at isolating Russia and weakening its economy. While these sanctions have indeed impacted Russia’s economy, they have not caused widespread economic collapse or halted Russia’s military actions in Ukraine. In fact, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that Russia’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 2.2 percent in 2023. This growth was driven by significant military expenditures, surpassing growth rates in the United States and other Western nations. The Philippines' decision suggests that many countries remain undeterred by the broadened U.S. sanctions and are still willing to engage with Russia despite international pressures.

1. Tass. (2025, April 18). Russia receives permit to export beef to the Philippines — agricultural watchdog. TASS.

2. Reuters. (2025, April 18). Russia gains access to Philippines beef market, watchdog says. Reuters.

3. Newsroom. Philippines approves beef supplies from Russia - Rosselkhoznadzor.(2025, April 18).

4. Funtanilla, C. J. (2025, April 19). Russia secures access to Philippine beef market as meat exports expand - Tutubi News Magazine.

5. Berman, N. (2024, February 24). Two years of war in Ukraine: Are sanctions against Russia making a difference? Council on Foreign Relations.

6. Edkruijf. (2025, April 17). Russia sanctions Database: November 2024 - Atlantic Council. Atlantic Council.

7. David Miller, Consulting Chief Economist, Decision Innovation Solutions. (2024, August 7).World Beef trade. iowafarmbureau.com.

Saturday, April 19, 2025

Tunisian court sentences opposition leaders accused of conspiracy to decades in prison

On Saturday, a court in Tunisia sentenced opposition leaders, businessmen, and lawyers to prison terms ranging from 13 to 66 years for plotting to destabilize the state and overthrow President Kais Saied. Abdessatar Massoudi, an attorney representing the defendants, informed the media that businessman Kamel Ltaif received the longest sentence of 66 years, while opposition politician Khyam Turki was sentenced to 48 years. The court also sentenced prominent opposition figures Ghazi Chaouachi, Issam Chebbi, Jawahar Ben Mbrak, and Ridha Belhaj each to 18 years. Forty people were prosecuted in this trial, which began in March. Over twenty have fled abroad since the charges were brought forth. The opposition figures involved in the case accuse Saied of orchestrating a coup in 2021 and that the charges against them are fabricated. They claim the charges aim to stifle dissent and establish a one-man, authoritative rule. They claim to have been working on a plan to unify the fragmented opposition and overcome the democratic setback in the birthplace of the Arab Spring movements. Unfortunately, most of Tunisia's political party leaders are now in prison, including Abir Moussi, leader of the Free Constitutional Party, and Rached Ghannouchi, head of Ennahda, two of Saied’s most prominent opponents. They have been in custody since being detained in 2023. Human rights organizations assert that Saied has exerted full control over the judiciary since disbanding parliament in 2021 and governing through decrees. He abolished the independent Supreme Judicial Council and dismissed numerous judges in 2022, effectively consolidating all power into his own hands.

1. Amara, T., & AlaaElDin, M. (2025, April 19). Tunisia hands lengthy prison terms to opposition leaders on conspiracy charges.Reuters.

2. Tunisian opposition figures sentenced to up to 66 years in prison | AP News. (2025, April 19). AP News.

3. France. (2025, April 19). Tunisia opposition figures get jail terms in mass trial. France 24.

4. Astier, H. (2025, April 19). Tunisia opposition leaders jailed on conspiracy and terror charges.

5. Jazeera, A. (2025d, April 19). Tunisian court hands opposition figures lengthy jail terms. Al Jazeera.

6. Amnesty International. (2025, April 19).Tunisia: Mass convictions of opposition activists after sham trial marks a dangerous moment.

7. Hamid, S., & Grewal, S. (2022, May 12). Tunisia is sliding back into authoritarianism. Here’s what the US should do. Brookings.

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Maine and Tariffs

The prospect of a trade war with Canada has sparked anxiety across the state. Canada is Maine’s largest trading partner, with roughly 70% of the state’s total imports coming from Canada and nearly 48% of exports are also sent there. Local experts warn that consumers will bear the brunt of the proposed 25% levy on most Canadian goods set to take effect on Tuesday, April 2, 2025. Prices are expected to rise across various goods, from fruits and vegetables to auto parts and building supplies, potentially hitting northern Maine families particularly hard.

Energy security is a major concern, as Maine relies heavily on Canada for its energy needs. A potential 25% tariff on this vital resource could lead to a significant spike in electricity costs for Maine consumers. Moreover, with over 80% of Maine's heating oil and gasoline coming from Canada, even a 10% tariff on energy imports could push up prices for heating fuel, gasoline, and natural gas.

The potential economic fallout extends beyond consumer prices. Maine's key industries, including seafood, forestry, and agriculture, which export substantial amounts to Canada, could face serious challenges if Canada retaliates with its own tariffs. The tourism sector may also suffer as Canadians make up a significant number of inbound tourists and contribute over $450 million in direct spending each year.

The seafood industry, particularly the lobster sector, is expected to be significantly impacted. Maine exports approximately $200 million worth of lobster annually to Canada for processing. Marine Resources Commissioner Pat Keliher warns that these tariffs could lead to significant reductions in payments to Maine lobstermen, potentially "crippling" the state's iconic fishery. He predicts that the only way to absorb these costs will be through lower boat prices, which could force hundreds of businesses to close.

The tariffs threaten to disrupt longstanding business relationships and make it harder for Maine lobstermen to compete internationally. The lobster industry in the U.S. and Canada is deeply connected, with Canadian processors handling a significant portion of the lobster caught by American fishermen. This disruption could lead to instability for both American harvesters and their Canadian partners.

As the April 2 implementation date approaches, there's a palpable sense of unease in Maine. While the full extent of the impact remains to be seen, local experts and government officials are bracing for potentially significant negative consequences on Maine's economy, from rising energy prices to increased consumer costs and challenges for key industries. However, President Trump has hinted at possible flexibility in the tariff implementation, raising hopes that the economic impact will be lessened.

1. Cordes, R. (2025, March 10). Maine Businesses navigate new reality of Tariff Whiplash. Mainebiz.

2. McCann, A. (2025, March 10). As Trump shakes up economy, winners and losers will emerge. Maine could be on the wrong side. Press Herald.

3. Staff, W. (2025a, March 11). Canadian tariffs creating trouble for Maine’s dairy farmers. WPFO.

4. Staff, W. (2025b, March 12). New Brunswick Premier says cutting off energy to Maine would be an “absolute last resort.” WGME.

5. Vivien Leigh (NEWS CENTER Maine). (2025, March 14). Auburn Manufacturing navigates tariff turmoil with expansion plans. newscentermaine.com.

6. Waceken, M. (2025, March 12). Tariffs on Canadian Imports May Raise Power Costs. https://www.wagmtv.com

7. Wgme, S. G. (2025, March 6). Canadians canceling Maine: Businesses say bookings being canceled in Old Orchard Beach. WGME.

Maine & Canada

John Gulliver, President of the New England Canada Business Council on Maine Businesses and Our Economic Relationship with Canada

The World Affairs Council of Maine spoke with John Gulliver, President of the New England Canada Business Council, to discuss the potential impact of tariffs on trade with Canada. NECBC is a nonprofit dedicated to advancing relations between the U.S. and Canada. Throughout the conversation, two themes emerged with regard to tariffs on Canada: that Canada and New England are intertwined by trade, and that small businesses in Maine are likely to bear the brunt of these tariffs.

In 2023, 4 out of 6 states in New England shared Canada as their #1 export market, including Maine. An additional 32 states across the U.S. also have this in common. This statistic alone highlights how deeply New England depends on Canada for exports/trade, but the relationship does not stop there. 5,000 people in New England work for Canadian-owned companies, and many products go back and forth between the U.S.-Canada border before they are completely processed. Lobster typically crosses the border three times until it is ready to be shipped to markets. Additionally, 8 out of 10 gallons at New England gas pumps and 90% of Logan Airport’s jet fuel comes from the oil refinery in New Brunswick. New England and Canada’s trade relationship is so interconnected that our top two imports from Canada (forestry products and seafood) are the same as our top two exports there!

This, however, means that the tariffs could result in job losses, which may be felt heavily by small businesses in Maine. 84% of Maine exporters are small and medium-sized businesses, and international trade supports 1 in 5 Maine jobs. Gulliver reported meeting with a small business owner that imports 80% of their raw material from Canada. Given how similar Maine and Canada’s imports and exports are, it is clear to see how tariffs will negatively impact our state’s businesses.

As for what Mainers can do to help persuade Washington to prevent these impacts, Gulliver suggests constant communication with Maine's congressional delegation through as many communication channels as possible. He believes it is important for Mainers to make their voices heard and to remind decision makers that “broad-based tariffs tend to be highly inflationary, and basically are a sales tax on every U.S. citizen when they go to the store to buy essential goods.”

Susan Morris, the Honorary Consul of Canada in Maine, recently shared a message from Bernadette Jordan, Consul General of Canada in Boston, relaying Canada’s concerns and what tariffs will impact, all of which should be of great interest to Maine, New England, and America as a whole:

The Reality: Annually, New England imports US$10.2 billion in energy, US$1.65 billion in forest products, US$1.67 billion in seafood/fish products, and US$671 million in plastics from Canada. The tariffs that will be paid by companies importing those goods, will likely become additional expenses for consumers. Bernadette states, “In this cold winter, your heating costs will go up. So will the price you pay at the pump. Grocery prices are already high, but tariffs will only push them higher. And as you grapple with housing affordability issues, construction costs will only rise.”

Trade Balance: Although the White House has cited trade deficit as one of their reasons to impose tariffs, the 2024 U.S. merchandise trade deficit with Canada (US$64.2 billion), was entirely due to energy products. Excluding energy, the U.S. has in fact had a trade surplus with Canada since 2007, with 2024’s surplus sitting at US$ 34.3 billion.

Border Concerns: The White House has voiced concerns with drug trafficking and illegal immigration from Canada as a reason for tariffs. However, in 2024, U.S. CBP seized 43 pounds of fentanyl from the Canadian border – less than .2% of what was seized across the U.S. in 2024. Additionally, less than 1% of illegal immigrants in the U.S. came from Canada. Bernadette also adds that the border works both ways, and Canada seizes things they would preferably not see. From January 1st to October 31st in 2024, the CBSA kept more than 1,274 prohibited weapons and 750 firearms from the U.S. out of Canada, and seized nearly 56,440 pounds of illegal drugs, both inbound and outbound.

The U.S. and Canada share the largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Bernadette stresses that this relationship will be negatively impacted by tariffs, and that the current strain on it is not what Canada wants. The best way to move forward, she says, is to proceed together in partnership in order to maximize not only the economic benefits, but the military and security benefits that our bond can bring. As a final note, Bernadette calls for us to engage with our community, political leaders, Congress members, and the new administration so that they understand the negative effects of these tariffs.

Eggs, Issues, and Tariffs with the Maine International Trade Center

The Trump Administration's tariffs on Canada, implemented this month, have caused various Maine organizations that interface with international trade to scramble to find answers and solutions since last month. In hopes of helping in that regard, the Portland Regional Chamber of Commerce, in collaboration with the Maine International Trade Center (MITC), held an Eggs and Issues event on February 14th to answer some of these questions. The event was attended by representatives of the World Affairs Council and a number of visitors from the Philippines and Japan there via the International Visitor Leadership Program. This installment of the Chamber of Commerce’s monthly forum — Eggs and Issues, featured remarks by Wade Merritt, President of the Maine International Trade Center, focusing on the challenges and opportunities that Maine businesses will face as they navigate doing international business during the tariffs.

The first part of the event focused on Maine's economic interconnectivity with the world, specifically with Canada, which would be seriously affected by the now-implemented tariffs. As Wade Merritt highlighted, due to Canada’s status as Maine’s largest import and export partner, the proposed 25% tariffs on Canadian goods would undoubtedly affect Maine businesses’ ability to conduct cross-border commerce or, for that matter, import goods from Canada, which amount to about $5.1 billion in trade value annually. Further, he predicted that the retaliatory tariffs now levied by Canadian authorities would likely further affect Maine businesses, cutting into the $1.4 billion worth of exports from Maine to Canada, which makes up almost 48% of the state’s exports.

The conversation then shifted to a particular area of concern: cross-border energy imports, as Maine imports most of its heating oil and gasoline along with a significant amount of electricity from Canada. For Maine, where the cost of energy is already high, especially in the winter, higher costs for Canadian energy imports, like heating oil, as a result of current tariffs, threaten to be especially harsh for Maine residents. Although beyond just the trade of goods, it may also harm Maine’s tourism industry as the tariffs and the resulting effects on the Canadian currency deter Canadian tourists from visiting, further impacting local Maine businesses.

Finally, as the event began to come to its conclusion, the focus shifted to what the Maine International Trade Center could do to assist Maine businesses via their Canada Desk and what said businesses could do themselves to mitigate the effects of tariffs. The leading point of conversation on that particular front related to the sourcing of goods that Maine businesses would have previously imported from Canada from domestic American suppliers. However, as Wade Merritt outlined when asked by the World Affairs Council’s own board member Riley Worth, this forced pivot from well-established supply chains with Canada to domestic suppliers in an attempt to avoid tariffs is likely to increase costs for manufacturers and consumers alike.

Congressional Round-Up

Letter from Collins, King, Pingree to Commerce Secretary Lutnick urging collaboration with Canada over trade war.(2025, February 28).

U.S. Senator Susan Collins (ME R) calls a pause on arms shipments to Ukraine sends "the wrong signal" to Russian aggressor. (2025, March 11)

U.S. Senator Angus King (ME I) introduces Critical Minerals Security Act, bipartisan bill to counter Chinese dominance in mining and supply of critical minerals. (2025, March 13)

U.S. Representative Chellie Pingree (ME-1 D) Condemns Administration's Trade Policy as Bad Deal for Farmers and a Bad Deal for Americans (2025, March 20)

U.S. Representative Jared Golden (ME-2 D) introduces bi-partisan bill to increase transparency around gifts from foreign entities. (2025, March 24)

MAINE’S CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION IN-DEPTH

Jared Golden introduces legislation for Universal Tariffs

In what Congressman Jared Golden (D-ME) has framed as a bold move aimed at revitalizing American manufacturing and addressing the persistent trade deficit, Congressman Jared Golden has introduced the BUILT USA Act which includes a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports. Golden has stated this legislation seeks to incentivize domestic production, create jobs, and reorient the U.S. economy towards a focus on manufacturing and innovation rather than mere consumption of inexpensive foreign goods. In a press release Golden stated, “After decades of failed free trade agreements, we owe it to ourselves to ask real questions about what we prioritize in our economy.”

According, to this same press release the proposed tariff will generate significant revenue—an estimated $2.2 trillion through 2034, according to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) the press release stated. A sum that Jared Golden believes should be utilized to reduce the national deficit, subsidize American-made products, and extend tax cuts for middle-class families. Further, supporters of such tariffs, including President Trump and others, argue that it represents a necessary step towards restoring the industrial base that once made America a global manufacturing leader. However, the proposal has not been without controversy. Critics, including some economists and political opponents, warn that such tariffs could lead to increased prices for consumersand potential retaliatory measures from trading partners. They argue that while the intention is to protect American jobs, the broader implications could harm U.S. exports and raise costs for everyday goods.

Analysts outline that Jared Golden’s push for tariffs echoes a growing sentiment among the American public and lawmakers to reconsider traditional free trade policies, particularly in light of the economic challenges faced by American workers. As he continues to advocate for this legislation and the Trump Administration advances its own tariff regime, the debate surrounding tariffs and the BUILT USA Act is likely to intensify.

Senator King Signs Letter Blasting USAID Freeze Write-Up

Senator Angus King (I-ME) has vocally condemned the Trump administration's recent freeze on federal aid, labeling the action as "blatantly unconstitutional” in an apparent stand against the executive exercising control over Congressionally provided funding. The freeze, enacted on January 20, 2025, has resulted in the suspension of billions of dollars in foreign aid and has led to widespread furloughs and layoffs within USAID. This freeze has raised significant concerns among lawmakers regarding its implications relating to America’s ability to maintain relations with states that depend on American aid. This prospect is particularly concerning to analysts because nations reliant upon USAID may seek help elsewhere, including from states like Russia and China, to compete with American soft power.

Senator King, along with 36 of his colleagues, expressed alarm in a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio, emphasizing that USAID plays a critical role in U.S. national security by providing essential humanitarian assistance and development support worldwide. The senators argue that the abrupt halt to these programs not only jeopardizes the lives of people dependent on those programs but also undermines U.S. interests abroad, particularly in countering the influence of adversaries like China and Russia. Senator King's criticism highlights the legal ramifications of the freeze, asserting that the administration's actions violate the Impoundment Control Act, which prohibits the withholding of congressionally appropriated funds without legislative approval. He described the situation as a "constitutional crisis” while also echoing warnings by his colleagues that the administration's attempts to dismantle USAID could have dire consequences for global stability and U.S. credibility on the world stage.

As of current writing, the freeze on USAID programs has continued, and the State Department has officially announced the ending of 80% of USAID’s programs, the remainder of which will be overseen by the State Department directly, according to Secretary of State Marco Rubio. This is in spite of the fact that the Trump Administration continues to face a number of lawsuits surrounding various USAID programs and even the end of USAID altogether.

Senator Susan Collins Met With Bipartisan Group of Lawmakers to Discuss Elon Musk's DOGE Budget Cuts

On February 5, Susan Collins met with a bipartisan group of lawmakers to discuss concerns behind Musk’s dismantling of USAID and cutting federal agencies' workforces. She said in an interview with the Press Herald, “I think the president’s representatives, Elon Musk and his team, have clearly exceeded their authority under the law.” This follows the announcement from Musk and the DOGE advisory group detailing the elimination of the U.S. Agency for International Development. She stated that this decision exceeded the president’s constitutional authority, expressing similar worries over Musk gaining access to sensitive personal information about federal employees without confirmation from Congress.

The previous day, all four members of Maine’s Congressional delegation challenged Musk on his authority to dismantle agencies and cut federal spending and staff, demanding answers on how he’s being vetted. They wrote, “No information has been provided to Congress or the public as to who has been formally hired under DOGE, under what authority or regulations DOGE is operating, or how DOGE is vetting and monitoring its staff and representatives before providing them seemingly unfettered access to classified materials and Americans’ personal information.” Trump and Russell Vought, the director of the Office of Management and Budget, agree that the president has power to withhold money appropriated by Congress. Collins brought up the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, which holds that the president is required to notify Congress about approved funding that is withheld; she stated that the administration's shutdown of USAID goes against it.

Renew Your Passport

Is your passport valid? Most U.S. passports are valid for 10 years (five years for under 17). If you aren't in a hurry, you can renew or apply for a first-time passport online, by mail using Form DS-82, or in person at a passport facility. Required documents typically include the most recent passport, a new photo, and any name change documentation. Renewal fees apply, and processing times vary, so it's advisable to renew about 9 months before expiration.

Maine's Congressional Delegation

Senator Susan Collins

413 Dirksen Senate Office Building

P: 202–224–2523

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Senator Angus King

133 Hart Senate Office Building

Washington, DC 20510

P: (202) 224-5344

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Congresswoman Chellie Pingree

2162 Rayburn House Office Building

Washington, DC 20515

(202) 225-6116

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Congressman Jared Golden

1223 Longworth House Office Building

Washington, DC 20515

(202). 225-6306

CONTACT FORM

World Week in Review

In major news from the Middle East this week, Israel has resumed airstrikes in Gaza following a breakdown in negotiations with Hamas. According to media reports, upwards of 400 Palestinians were killed the first day airstrikes resumed and continue to mount. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu blamed the escalation on the Palestinian militant group's refusal to release additional Israeli hostages, while Hamas accused Israel of refusing to commence negotiations on ending the war. In conjunction with the airstrikes, the Israeli military has initiated a renewed ground operation in the coastal enclave. On Saturday, the Israeli cabinet approved a proposal to establish a new directorate to facilitate the "voluntary departure" of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip, consistent with the U.S. administration's announced plans to remove the remaining Palestinian population and force their resettlement elsewhere.

Meanwhile, in Ukraine, Russian forces are close to clearing Ukrainian troops from the Kursk border region. Following a rapid offensive starting a few weeks ago, Ukraine now controls only a few pockets of territory in Kursk. Analysts suspect that this offensive was likely conducted in preparation for possible peace talks between Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S. President Donald Trump, although expectations for a peace agreement remain low at this moment. In response, European leaders convened in Brussels to discuss sanctions against Russia, agreeing to impose additional measures. However, they refrained from approving a new military aid package for Ukraine, with some leaders expressing concerns over the estimated $50 billion cost. Once again, Hungary was a major opponent of further Ukraine aid and played a significant role in blocking a unified statement of support.

In similar news, Germany's lawmakers have approved a significant easing of the country's debt brake, allowing for over $500 billion in spending on defense and infrastructure. This decision marks a departure from decades of fiscal restraint by the German government as it aims to rapidly bolster Germany's armed forces in response to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the uncertainty surrounding American support.

In other news, the U.S. has deported over 200 Venezuelans to El Salvador, claiming they are members of the Tren de Aragua gang. This action occurred despite a U.S. court's attempt to halt the deportation, which the administration argues was rendered moot as the flight had already departed. Analysts note that this move by the Trump Administration both highlights the friendly relations with El Salvador’s government under Nayib Bukele and sets a possible precedent of deporting criminals to El Salvador for indefinite detention.

Lastly, leaders from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda have called for an immediate ceasefire in eastern DR Congo following direct talks in Qatar. This comes after the M23 Rebels backed by Rwanda seized large areas in eastern Congo, including two of the country’s largest cities in the east. However, analysts suggest that Rwanda has been incentivized to begin pushing for peace due to mounting international pressure against it, including sanctions by the European Union.

This week in depth

Sunday: Power restored in Cuba after 36-hour blackout.

Monday: M23 Rebels cancel peace talks in response to EU sanctions.

Tuesday: Cambodia announces completion of Chinese-funded port facility.

Wednesday: Popular mayor of Istanbul detained ahead of Turkey's upcoming presidential elections

Thursday: Ethiopia introduces new tax to offset impact of USAID suspension

Friday: Namibia inaugurates first female president

Saturday: Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon threaten fragile ceasefire.

Sunday, March 16, 2025

Cuba restores electricity after a 36-hour blackout, adding to growing crisis

Electricity supply in Cuba was restored on Sunday, more than 36 hours after a substation failure left the island in darkness. Union Electrica, the state-run agency responsible for the electric grid, announced that power had been restored to most of the capital, Havana, as well as to regions in the east. They projected that service would also be reinstated in the western areas by the end of Sunday. The massive blackout began Friday night and marked the fourth such incident in the past six months. The Ministry of Energy and Mines attributed the outage to a malfunction at a substation on Havana's outskirts. The blackout affected telephone, internet, and water services. Many households could not prepare meals, as they depend on electric appliances for cooking. Cuba has faced similar outages in October, November, and December. This latest outage is the first of 2025; however, in mid-February, officials had to suspend classes and work for two days due to a nationwide electricity generation shortfall exceeding 50%. The outages come as Cubans are experiencing severe economic difficulties, which analysts blame on the COVID-19 pandemic, a domestic policy program that has led to inflation and sanctions imposed by the United States. Experts have pinpointed the primary causes of these electricity interruptions as fuel shortages at power plants and outdated infrastructure. In response, the government has contracted floating power generation units from Turkey to meet peak demand and has promised that dozens of solar power parks would begin operating in 2025.

1. Electricity gradually returns to Cuba after substation failure left millions in the dark | AP News. (2025, March 16). AP News.

2. Sherwood, D. (2025, March 16).Cuba reconnects electrical grid, restores power to much of Havana. Reuters.

3. Power slowly restored in Cuba after massive blackout. (2025, March 16). Switchgear Magazine.

4. Amin, Z. (2025, March 16). Cuba national grid: Power restored after 36-Hour Island-Wide blackout. NewsX World.

5. Cuba gradually turning lights back on after island-wide blackout. (2025, March 17). Inkl.

6. Green, E. (2024, October 19). Cuba’s power grid collapses again. Why does this keep happening? NPR.

7. Morris, E. (2024, January 24). Economic crisis in Cuba: government missteps and tightening US sanctions are to blame. The Conversation.

Monday, March 17, 2025

M23 rebel group cancels peace talks with the Congolese government, citing international sanctions

On Monday, peace talks meant to take place in Angola between Rwandan-backed rebels and the Congolese government were abruptly canceled after the M23 rebel group announced its withdrawal, citing international sanctions as the reason. Lawrence Kanyuka, spokesperson for the M23 rebel group, indicated that the planned talks scheduled for Tuesday in the capital, Luanda, had become undoable due to sanctions imposed by the European Union on certain group members. He stated that the sanctions undermine such discussions. Kanyuka also said that the Congolese military’s continued offensives in the conflict-hit region further complicate the negotiations. The M23 is among approximately 100 armed factions vying for control in the mineral-rich eastern regions of Congo near the Rwandan border. The conflict has led to one of the most severe humanitarian crises in the world, displacing over 7 million people from their homes. Angola has been attempting to mediate a ceasefire for several months. Peace talks were halted late last year after Rwanda insisted on direct negotiations between the DRC and the M23, which the Congolese government rejected due to the longstanding nature of the conflict. Despite this setback, Angolan President João Lourenço remains committed to pushing forward this peace initiative, viewing it as crucial for both regional stability and Angola's own security.

1. Banchereau, M. (2025, March 17). M23 rebels withdraw from Congo peace talks, citing international sanctions | AP News. AP News.

2. Jazeera, A. (2025c, March 17). DR Congo’s M23 rebels say they will no longer join peace talks in Angola. Al Jazeera.

3. AfricaNews. (2025, March 18). M23 rebels withdraw from Congo peace talks citing EU sanctions. Africanews.

4. Angola confirms DR Congo-M23 peace talks canceled due to “force majeure.” (2025, March 18).

5. Fortuné, C., & Guianvarc’h, P. (2025, March 17). Eye on Africa - DR Congo conflict: M23 rebels will not participate in peace talks in Angola. France 24.

6. Bagala, A. (2025, March 19). EU sanctions Rwanda generals, M23 rebels. Monitor.

7. Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker. (2023, november 7). Global Conflict Tracker.

Tuesday, March 18, 2025

Cambodia announces completion of naval port funded by China

On Tuesday, Cambodian officials announced the completion of the expansion of a naval port funded by China. This newly developed port has raised concerns about Beijing’s growing regional military influence. Prime Minister Hun Manet is scheduled to officially inaugurate the Ream Naval Base on April 2, according to Maj. Gen. Thong Solimo, spokesperson for the Cambodian armed forces. Solimo added that the port is expected to welcome a Japanese ship as the first foreign war vessel to dock there. China and Cambodia started the port project in 2022, which has led the United States to express concerns that it may become a strategically important base for the Chinese navy in the Gulf of Thailand. This Gulf lies adjacent to the South China Sea, a vital maritime route that China claims nearly in its entirety. The U.S. has rejected China’s sweeping territorial claims and often conducts military exercises in the region to affirm that it is open international waters. China is Cambodia’s largest investor and closest political ally, and in recent years, it has rapidly enhanced its naval capabilities while becoming more assertive in enforcing its extensive maritime claims. However, with the announcement of Japan's visit to the port, Cambodia appears to be signaling its intent to engage with countries beyond China, according to Euan Graham, a senior defense analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. “This seems to be a deliberate effort by Cambodia to demonstrate that Ream is not solely intended for China’s military,” he noted.

1. Cheang, S., & Rising, D. (2025, March 18). Cambodia says expanded port funded by China opening next month - with first call from Japanese navy | AP News. AP News.

2. Marine Insight. (2025, March 19). Cambodia’s China-funded naval base to open with Japan’s warship as 1st foreign visitor.

3. Cambodia’s Chinese-Built naval base holds grand opening. (2025, March 18). The Maritime Executive.

4. Head, J. (2024, October 7). Does China now have a permanent military base in Cambodia?

5. Cheang, S., & Rising, D. (2024, September 4). Cambodia says China gifting 2 warships as it finishes work expanding strategically important port | AP News. AP News.

6. Rising, D., & Cheang, S. (2022, June 8). China, Cambodia break ground on port, dismiss US concerns | AP News. AP News.

7. Liu, Z. Z. (2024, October 1). Why is China investing in a $1.7 billion canal in Cambodia? Council on Foreign Relations.

Wednesday, March 19, 2025

Turkey detains Istanbul mayor in controversial crackdown ahead of 2028 elections

On Wednesday, authorities in Turkey detained Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, the main rival of President Tayyip Erdogan, on charges of corruption and supporting a terrorist organization. The main opposition party has called the move “a coup against our next president.” This arrest of the popular two-term mayor caps a months-long legal crackdown campaign against opposition figures throughout the country. It has sparked criticism as a politically motivated attempt to undermine their prospects in upcoming elections and suppress dissent. In the wake of the arrest, Turkey's lira fell dramatically, losing as much as 12% of its value and reaching a record low of 42 to the dollar. This decline underscores growing concerns about the erosion of the rule of law in a major emerging market and NATO ally that Erdogan has governed for 22 years. Imamoglu, 54, who has been leading Erdogan in several opinion polls, was anticipated to be announced as the official presidential candidate of his Republican People's Party (CHP) within days. He is now facing two separate investigations, including allegations of leading a criminal organization, engaging in bribery, and manipulating tenders. Later, Wednesday, thousands gathered in Istanbul’s Sarachane district as CHP leader Ozgur Ozel addressed the crowd near the municipal building. Ozel asserted that Erdogan had targeted Imamoglu out of fear of losing to him in the elections. He also indicated that the party would choose Imamoglu as their presidential candidate on Sunday, regardless of the situation. The next election is scheduled for 2028, and Erdogan has reached his term limit as president, having previously served as prime minister. To run again, he would need to either call for early elections or change the constitution.

1. Ece Toksabay, & Ezgi Erkoyun. (2025, March 19). Turkey detains Istanbul mayor in what opposition calls “coup.” Reuters.

2. Turkish police arrest Istanbul mayor, an Erdogan rival, as crackdown on opposition escalates. (2025, March 19). PBS News.

3. Khalil, S. G. T. L. a. H. (2025, March 19). Ekrem Imamoglu: Protests erupt in Turkey after Erdogan rival arrested.

4. Gul Tuysuz, Regan, H., & Sidhu, S. (2025, March 19). Turkey detains Istanbul’s mayor, a key rival of President Erdogan. CNN.

5. Fraser, S. (2025, March 19). Everything we know about Ekrem Imamoglu, Erdogan’s main rival, and why he was arrested | AP News. AP News.

6. Proud, L. (2025, March 19). Breakingviews - Erdogan crackdown slams brakes on Turkish recovery.Reuters.

7. Shaheen, K. (2017, November 29). Turkey: journalists and political rivals arrested as Erdoğan crackdown widens. The Guardian.

Thursday, March 20, 2025

Ethiopia introduces new tax to fund humanitarian efforts after the suspension of USAID

On Thursday, Ethiopia's parliament introduced a new tax for all workers as part of efforts to address the financial shortfall caused by the suspension of USAID funding. The proposed tax will apply to individuals in the public and private sectors. Businesses in industries such as banking and hospitality will also be obligated to contribute. The revenue generated from this tax will support the newly established Ethiopian Disaster Risk Response Fund, which aims to sustain initiatives that were previously financed by USAID, the nation’s largest partner in development and humanitarian assistance. With a population exceeding 125 million, Ethiopia has been the largest recipient of U.S. aid in sub-Saharan Africa, receiving $1.8 billion in the fiscal year 2023. This funding has provided essential food supplies, HIV treatments, vaccines, literacy programs, job creation efforts, and services for 1 million refugees hosted by Ethiopia. Unfortunately, most of these programs have now been halted. The USAID personnel overseeing these programs have been placed on administrative leave and instructed not to perform any work, as they risk being terminated. These actions by the Trump administration have prompted Ethiopia to rush to pass the new proposal despite ongoing conflicts in various regions. Tigray is in the process of recovering from a two-year clash between the Amhara and Oromia ethnic groups. These conflicts have left millions needing food assistance and medical care. Without USAID support, this legislation represents the only option for those affected.

1. Getachew, S. (2025, March 20). Ethiopia introduces new tax to fill gap after USAID funding pause | AP News. AP News.

2. Ali. (2025, March 20). Ethiopia imposes new tax to replace lost USAID funding. Radar Africa.

3. Post, N. A. (2025, March 20). Ethiopia implements taxation overhaul to address USAID funding gap. First independent MENA newspaper.

4. Getachew, S., & Harter, F. (2025, March 13). US aid cuts hit Ethiopia’s fragile Tigray region | AP News. AP News.

5. Harter, F. (2025, February 21). ‘The impact has been devastating’: how USAid freeze sent shockwaves through Ethiopia. The Guardian.

6. Mitchell, I., & Hughes, S. (2025). Which Countries Are Most Exposed to US Aid Cuts; And What Other Providers Can Do. Center for Global Development.

7. Tanis, F. (2025, February 27). The Trump administration kills nearly all USAID programs. NPR.

Friday, March 21, 2025

Namibia swears in its first female president, decades after apartheid

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah was inaugurated on Friday as Namibia’s first female president, achieving the highest office nearly 60 years after she began her involvement in the liberation movement that sought independence from apartheid South Africa. Nandi-Ndaitwah, 72, emerged victorious in the November elections, joining a distinguished group of female leaders in Africa, which includes Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, Joyce Banda of Malawi, and Samia Suluhu Hassan of Tanzania. Nandi-Ndaitwah is just the fifth person to hold the presidency in Namibia. During her oath of office, she pledged to protect, uphold, and support the constitution in front of dignitaries from South Africa, Zambia, Congo, Botswana, Angola, and Kenya. Since Namibia's independence in 1990, Nandi-Ndaitwah has served as a lawmaker and has held the position of foreign minister before her appointment as vice president. Her inauguration coincided with the 35th anniversary of Namibia's independence, which was achieved after decades of struggle and a guerrilla conflict against South African forces that lasted over 20 years. A member of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), Nandi-Ndaitwah played a vital role in Namibia’s fight for independence. The party has been ruling ever since. Nandi-Ndaitwah's victory could herald a new beginning for the largely arid nation, which faces significant challenges, including high levels of inequality, poverty, and unemployment. These issues are further compounded by environmental challenges such as drought and water scarcity, as well as concerns regarding corruption and human rights.

1. Smith, S. (2025, March 21). Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah is sworn in as Namibia’s first female leader | AP News. AP News.

2. BBC News. (2025b, March 21). Namibia swears in first female president Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah.

3. Agbetiloye, A. (2025, March 21). Namibia swears in first female president amid oil boom prospects. Business Insider Africa.

4. Jazeera, A. (2025d, March 21). Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah sworn in as Namibia’s first female president. Al Jazeera.

5. The Namibian struggle for independence – 1966 – 1990 – a historical background | South African History Online. (2017, September 9).

6. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025b, March 21). SWAPO Party of Namibia | History & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

7. Green, & Herbold, R. (2025, March 21). History of Namibia | Colonialism, German colonialism, independence, & Facts.Encyclopedia Britannica.

Saturday, March 22, 2025

Lebanese government warns of potential 'new war' amid renewed Israeli airstrikes

On Saturday, the Lebanese government issued a warning that a "new war" could erupt following an Israeli strike on Tyre, the country's fifth-largest city located in southern Lebanon. The attacks killed at least one person, which was Israel’s second wave of strikes. The initial assault occurred in Qlaileh, southeast of Tyre, injuring four people. Another strike was reported in Zibqin, also situated southeast of Tyre. These attacks on Saturday represent a significant escalation by Israel. The Israeli military confirmed that it was targeting positions it associated with Hezbollah. Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam expressed concerns that Lebanon was at risk of being drawn into a “new war” as dozens of other Israeli air strikes killed at least five people in Touline, including two children, and left 11 others wounded. Salam warned that Israel's "renewed military operations on the southern border" would bring significant suffering to Lebanon and its people. Israeli artillery and airstrikes targeted southern Lebanon after the military reported intercepting three rockets launched from a region in Lebanon approximately 6 kilometers (4 miles) north of the border. Israel claimed that it was targeting rocket launchers allegedly linked to Hezbollah, which it holds responsible for the rocket launches. However, Hezbollah denied any involvement in the rocket strikes aimed at northern Israel, accusing Israel of fabricating justifications to resume its airstrikes. The group reaffirmed its commitment to a ceasefire agreement established in November, which ended a year of conflict between the two parties. As tensions rise, Lebanese citizens fear the situation may spiral out of control, plunging the country into further chaos.

1. Jazeera, A. (2025d, March 22). Lebanon warns of ‘new war’ as Israel launches fresh deadly strikes. Al Jazeera.

2. Camut, N. (2025, March 22). Israel-Lebanon truce in danger after fresh attacks. POLITICO.

3. Lonsdorf, K. (2025, March 22). Israel strikes multiple sites in southern Lebanon in response to rocket attack. NPR.

4. Tondo, L., & Christou, W. (2025, March 22).Israel strikes southern Lebanon amid calls for halt to ‘endless war.’ The Guardian.

5. Bachega, H. (2025, March 22). Israel strikes Lebanon after first rocket attack since ceasefire.

6. Staff, A. J. (2024, September 28). The history of conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. Al Jazeera.

7. What is Hezbollah? What to know about its origins, structure and history. (2023, October 16). PBS News.

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Buchholz, K. (2025, March 5). Where the world is charging most tariffs. Statista Daily Data. https://www.statista.com/chart/13335/where-global-tariffs-are-highest-and-lowest/

NOTE: This article is written by Katharina Buchholz, date journalist - reposted by the World Affairs Council of Maine

Where the World Is Charging Most Tariffs

Mar 5, 2025

The Trump administration's recent move to impose tariffs on Chinese, Mexican and Canadian goods as well as steel and aluminum imports in general is once again breaking with long-standing U.S. trade policy. Historically, the United States has favored low or no tariffs and the removal of barriers to trade. As of 2022, the U.S. had still applied a weighted average tariff rate of 1.5 percent on its imports according to the World Bank, placing it among the countries with the lowest tariffs worldwide together with European countries. This number might now be slightly higher and the same applies to China and Canada, which have issues retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. this week. In 2019, about halfway through the U.S.-China trade war, U.S. average applied tariff rate had already surged to 7 percent, data from Deutsche Bank suggested then.

The World Bank's tariff rates refer to 2021-2022 data mostly and are weighted by product import shares without taking specific free trade deals into account.

Although most developed countries have been pushing for lower trade barriers in order to foster competitiveness, tariffs continue to be very high in some parts of the world. India, for example, imposed weighted average tariffs of 11.5 percent in 2022 while in China, the rate was 3.1 percent. African countries have some of the highest rates with the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea standing at more than 18 percent. The Solomon Islands is the country with the highest weighted average tariff rate worldwide (20.7 percent).

World Week in Review

The United States stopped all military assistance to Ukraine, following last week's contentious meeting with Volodymyr Zelensky. This decision comes as Trump continues to exert pressure on Ukraine and Russia to swiftly come to the table to negotiate peace, going so far as to threaten further sanctions against Russia should they not come to the peace table while continuing to be critical of Ukraine. This cutting of aid has been part of a wider break with Ukraine this week as under the administration’s direction Ukraine has also ceased receiving intelligence assistance from American forces. Likely this threat to continued American aid has driven Ukraine to agree to send a delegation to Saudi Arabia next week for discussions with American officials about a peace agreement. Although a major step towards ending the conflict, analysts note it occurs against the backdrop of the Trump administration's recent suspension of military aid and intelligence sharing, making it possibly less sincere. However, this perceived unreliability of the United States as a backer has driven America’s European allies to look towards rearming themselves and accordingly this week European leaders agreed to a military build up program during a emergency meeting in Brussels. Important components of this program include relaxing deficit rules and establishing a $160 billion fund for defense loans, which are both seen as new tools to be used in rebuilding European arsenals.

In other important news, the Trump Administration forged ahead this week with the implementation of new tariffs, which has triggered immediate retaliatory measures from Canada and China. After the United States imposed a 25% tariff on goods from Canada and Mexico, alongside a 20% tariff on Chinese imports, China announced additional tariffs of 10-15% on agricultural products, while Canada retaliated with 25% tariffs on an initial $30 billion worth of goods. In a possible response to this pressure, the Trump Administration granted American automakers a one-month exemption from the newly imposed 25% tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada. Likely a major contributing factor for the exemptions was the fact automotive companies argued to the Trump Administration that the tariffs would disrupt its highly integrated supply chain across North America. This automotive exception opened the door for the Trump Administration to provide a further exemption for goods shipped under the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) for one-month from the 25% tariffs. However, it is important to note that despite this exemption, approximately 50% of imports from Mexico and 60% from Canada may still be subject to these levies, which, as a result, has kept the threat of a trade war high.

In troubling news from Syria, the nation’s long-running civil war seems to still be unsettled as forces of the new government under President Ahmed al-Sharaa have clashed with insurgents who remain loyal to President Bashar al-Assad in the West and South of the country. These violent confrontations have resulted in a number of fatalities and made it clear to analysts that the new FSA/HTS Government led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa has yet to succeed in unifying the country.

Finally, in new news about the Panama Canal, a consortium led by BlackRock has agreed to acquire two major ports on the Panama Canal from Hong Kong-based CK Hutchison for $14 billion. This deal follows months of pressure from President Trump, who has accused Panama of allowing China to exert undue influence over the canal via these ports. Analysts believe the acquisition is both a Panamanian attempt to placate the new Trump Administration, but will also strengthen America's control over critical shipping routes.

This week in-depth

Sunday: Israel halts all humanitarian aid to Gaza

Monday: Taiwan to increase military spending.

Tuesday: Myanmar's military ruler meets Putin.

Wednesday: Romania arrests coup suspects

Thursday: Ebola cases rise in Uganda.

Friday: Canada and the Philippines sign new defense agreement.

Saturday: European ministers back Arab plan for Gaza.

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Sunday, March 2, 2025

Israel halts all humanitarian aid to Gaza

In a move designed to pressure the Palestinian militant group Hamas to accept new terms for extending the recent ceasefire, Israel announced it was halting all humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. Hamas dismissed the proposal, claiming that Israel's decision to halt aid represents a clear violation of the ceasefire agreement and calling on mediators, including the U.S., to urge Israel to stop its “punitive and immoral actions.” Egypt, a key mediator in the ceasefire negotiations, expressed strong disapproval of Israel's decision, emphasizing the need to keep humanitarian aid separate from political negotiations. The United Nations and other humanitarian organizations have also criticized this move, highlighting the catastrophic consequences it could have for the civilian population in Gaza. The Israeli Prime Minister's Office warned of “additional consequences” if Hamas doesn’t accept the proposal, further complicating the situation. Under international humanitarian law (IHL), parties to a conflict must allow and facilitate the rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief for civilians in need. Blocking humanitarian aid can be considered a violation of IHL. The Gaza Strip is facing a severe humanitarian crisis, exacerbated by prolonged conflict and restrictions on aid delivery. The region has experienced shortages of essential resources such as food, clean water, and medical supplies, leading to a heightened risk of famine and malnutrition. Humanitarian aid is crucial for the survival of the civilian population, particularly vulnerable groups like infants and the displaced.

1. Lis, J., Kubovich, Y., Khoury, J., & Suleiman, R. (2025, March 2). Israel halts Gaza aid after Hamas rejects Witkoff’s cease-fire extension proposal, Netanyahu says. Haaretz.com.

2. Lister, T. (2025, March 2). Israel says it will block aid going into Gaza until Hamas agrees to ceasefire extension. CNN.

3. Goldenberg, T., & Magdy, S. (2025b, March 3). Gaza ceasefire: Outrage as Israel cuts off aid to pressure Hamas | AP News. AP News.

4. Adams, J. L. a. P. (2025, March 2). Israel blocks entry of all humanitarian aid into Gaza.

5. Rowlands, L., Adler, N., Quillen, S., & Motamedi, M. (2025, March 2). Updates: Israel blocks all aid into Gaza after first phase of truce ends. Al Jazeera.

6. Zhang, S., & Zhang, S. (2025, March 7). Palestinian officials say Israel has committed at least 962 ceasefire violations. Truthout.

7. Customary IHL - Rule 55. Access for humanitarian relief to civilians in need. (n.d.).

Monday, March 3, 2025

Taiwan announces plans to increase military spending

On Monday, Taiwan's defense minister announced the island's plans to increase military spending in response to the "rapidly changing international situation and escalating threats from adversaries." Wellington Koo did not provide exact figures but noted that President William Lai Ching-te is working closely with the ministry to assess enemy threats and urgent readiness needs. Koo’s remarks refer to Beijing's invasion threats, as China considers Taiwan to be part of its territory. He stated that the increase in defense expenditure would be aligned with the nation's GDP (gross domestic product). Currently, Taiwan allocates approximately 2.45% of its GDP for military purposes. However, U.S. President Donald Trump urged the self-governing island democracy, reliant on the U.S. for much of its advanced weaponry, to boost its defense spending to as high as 10% of its GDP— a rate significantly above that of the U.S. or its major allies. Despite Trump's extraordinary demands, the minister asserted that Taiwan's military would continue strengthening cooperation with the United States and other allied nations by expanding multilateral military exchanges to maintain regional peace and stability jointly. Taiwan continues to face growing threats from China, frequently deploying ships and aircraft near the island. China's military activities have raised alarms among neighboring countries in the South China Sea and other areas of the Indo-Pacific. Just last week, the Chinese navy carried out an unusual series of live-fire drills in the waters between Australia and New Zealand, leading to flights being diverted. This prompted leaders from both countries to issue a warning to China, with Taiwan condemning the drills, in solidarity with its allies.

1. Taiwan says boost in defense spending coming amid China threats | AP News. (2025, March 4). AP News.

2. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 4). Taiwan needs to hike defense spending to 10% of GDP-Pentagon nominee. Reuters.

3. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News. (2025, March 5). Taiwan should raise defense spending to 10% of GDP: Top Pentagon pick - Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan - CNA English News.

4. 台北時報. (2025, March 6). Ex-AIT head urges Taiwan to raise defense spending. Taipei Times.

5. news and media. (2025, March 7). Taiwan reacts to reports of Chinese increased military spending.

6. Maizland, L. (2025, January 15). Why China-Taiwan relations are so tense. Council on Foreign Relations.

7. BBC News. (2019b, February 1). Taiwan profile - Timeline.

Tuesday, March 4, 2025

Putin and Myanmar's military leader strengthen ties amid Western isolation and sanctions.

On Tuesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, the leader of Myanmar’s military government, looking to strengthen ties with Moscow as he copes with isolation and sanctions from Western nations. This visit marks Hlaing's fourth trip to Russia since his military seized power in a 2021 coup, overthrowing the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi. This led to Western countries imposing economic and political sanctions that caused the deaths of thousands of civilians and ignited a conflict widely seen as a civil war. Through it all, Russia has consistently supported Myanmar’s military government in international forums, with the ruling generals typically endorsing Moscow's foreign policy initiatives. The two countries have held joint military exercises and signed agreements to develop nuclear energy. They also established partnerships to facilitate Moscow's construction of nuclear power facilities in Myanmar and to recognize each other’s educational credentials mutually. Hlaing’s government has even endorsed Russia’s military operations in Ukraine. Nay Phone Latt, a representative of Myanmar’s main opposition National Unity Government, said that Hlaing is in dire need of international recognition and is willing to exchange the country's resources for support. Latt pointed out that to maintain his authority, the military leader will seek partnerships with nations prepared to acknowledge him and provide some form of assistance.

1. The head of Myanmar’s military government is in Russia for cooperation talks with Putin | AP News. (2025, March 4). AP News.

2. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 4). Russia and Myanmar to sign documents after Putin talks with junta chief in Moscow. Reuters.

3. Siow, M., & Siow, M. (2025, March 7). Putin has ‘breathing room’ for Myanmar to get Russian arms amid isolation. South China Morning Post.

4. France. (2025, March 4). Putin hails Myanmar ties as junta chief visits Moscow. France 24.

5. Strangio, S. (2025, March 5). In Moscow meeting, Myanmar Junta chief praises ‘King’ Putin. The Diplomat.

6. The Irrawaddy. (2023, February 15). Specials | A Timeline of Russia’s Relations With Myanmar Junta Since the Coup. The Irrawaddy.

7. Aung, Htin, M., Aung-Thwin, Arthur, M., Steinberg, & I, D. (2025, March 8). Myanmar | History, map, flag, population, capital, language, pronunciation & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Wednesday, March 5, 2025

Romania arrests six suspected of plotting coup with Russian backing.

Romania detained six people on Wednesday on suspicion of conspiring to orchestrate a coup in collaboration with Russia. Romania's anti-organized crime agency, DIICOT, arrested all six for forming a criminal organization with ties to Russia. Authorities reported that this group was allegedly created in 2023 to undermine Romania's “sovereignty and independence” by destabilizing the country’s defense capabilities politically. To achieve their destabilizing goals, the group sought assistance from officials at the Embassy of the Russian Federation. Authorities indicated that the organization had “a military-type structure” and aimed to negotiate Romania's exit from NATO, which the country joined in 2004. They also planned to establish a new Constitution and a new name, flag, and anthem for the country. Members of the criminal organization reportedly traveled to Moscow in January, where authorities claim they connected with individuals who supported the organization’s “efforts to take over state power in Romania.” The group members’ apprehension comes as tensions escalate between Moscow and Bucharest, following the expulsion of two military diplomats from Russia’s embassy. Romania’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs indicated that this decision was related to Russian activities that violated the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961. In response, the Russian embassy described the expulsions as “unfounded and unfriendly” and stated that the embassy “reserves the right to take retaliatory measures.”

1. Jazeera, A. (2025d, March 6).Romania arrests six over alleged Russia-linked coup plot. Al Jazeera.

2. Mcgrath, S., & Ghirda, V. (2025, March 6). Romania detains 6 on suspicion of plotting a coup in collusion with Russia | AP News. AP News.

3. Reuters. (2025, March 6). Romania detains suspects in Russia-linked treason case, 101-year-old retired general’s house raided.CNN.

4. Romania expels two military officials attached to Russian embassy for breaching diplomatic rules | AP News. (2025, March 5). AP News.

5. Kington, T. (2025, March 5). Russian diplomats expelled from Romania over election ‘rigging.’ The Times.

6. Rainsford, S. (2024, December 10). How meddling blamed on Russia exploited real grievances in Romania.

7. Vinocur, N. (2024, November 29). Romania’s far-right, pro-Russian lurch spells big trouble for EU and NATO. POLITICO.

Thursday, March 6, 2025

Ebola cases rise in Uganda as cholera outbreak kills nearly 100 in Sudan

On Thursday, the number of Ebola cases in Uganda rose to 14, following the start of a new cluster linked to a 4-year-old child who recently passed away from the disease. According to Africa's leading public health organization, three out of five recent cases have been confirmed as Ebola, while two others are suspected to be caused by the virus. Dr. Ngashi Ngongo from the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that there is no direct epidemiological link between this new cluster and another cluster responsible for nine earlier Ebola cases, including the initial outbreak victim. Ebola is currently spreading across five of Uganda’s 146 districts, including Kampala, the capital, where the outbreak was officially declared on January 30. However, local health authorities have failed to provide regular updates regarding the outbreak, raising concerns about transparency. At least three hospitals in Kampala that have handled confirmed or suspected Ebola cases have not adequately informed the public. Health officials say the focus must be on contact tracing, which is essential for controlling the spread of Ebola. Unfortunately, there are currently no approved vaccines for the Sudan strain of the virus affecting people in Uganda. The rise in cases coincides with a cholera outbreak in Sudan that has killed nearly 100 people since the waterborne disease surfaced in the White Nile State two weeks ago. Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF) reported on Thursday that 2,700 individuals have been infected with cholera since February 20, with 92 deaths.

1. Muhumuza, R. (2025c, March 6). Ebola cases in Uganda rise to 14 as new cluster emerges, posing a challenge to health workers | AP News. AP News.

2. Second cluster reported in Uganda’s Ebola Sudan outbreak.(2025, March 6). CIDRAP.

3. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 5). WHO says Uganda’s Ebola caseload rises to 12. Reuters.

4. Khaled, F. (2025, March 7). Nearly 100 people died of cholera in less than a month in Sudan’s White Nile State | AP News. AP News.

5. Sudan: Attack leads to deadly wave of cholera in White Nile. (2025, March 6). Doctors Without Borders - USA.

6. UNHCR. (2024, February 16). Sudan Crisis Explained. UNHCR.

7. World Health Organization. (2023, April 20). Ebola virus disease. World Health Organization.

Friday, March 7, 2025

Canada and Philippines forge defense pact as tensions rise in the Indo-Pacific.

On Friday, Canada and the Philippines announced they would sign a significant defense agreement to strengthen military exercises and collaboration to counter China's assertive actions in the South China Sea. The Philippine defense department stated that the pact with Canada "will create a framework for enhanced cooperation, promoting closer collaboration between defense and military entities, improving interoperability among forces, and facilitating more effective joint and capacity-building exercises." This agreement is expected to enable larger joint operations in the South China Sea, off the west coast of the Philippines. While no specific date for the signing was mentioned, a Philippine official indicated that it could happen within the next few months at the earliest. Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro said the Philippines is committed to strengthening security partnerships with other friendly nations to counter China's aggression. He underscored that China's aggressive actions should be viewed as a global threat, as they could ultimately restrict movement in the South China Sea, a vital international trade route crucial for global supply chains. The threats posed by China have also prompted other Western nations to reinforce their military presence in the Indo-Pacific region to support the rule of law and boost trade and investment. China's broad claims over the entire South China Sea have put it at odds with Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan, and the Philippines, all of which assert their own claims to the territory.

1. Gomez, J. (2025f, March 7). Canada and Philippines will sign a key defense pact to boost combat drills and military ties | AP News. AP News.

2. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 7). Philippines says to sign troops pact with Canada as defence ties deepen. Reuters.

3. Awsat, A. A. (2025, March 7). Philippines Says to Sign Troops Pact with Canada as Defense Ties Deepen. Aawsat English.

4. Canada, G. A. (2025, March 7). Statement: Canada, Philippines conclude negotiations on Status of Visiting Forces Agreement. GAC.

5. France. (2025b, March 7). Philippines set to sign visiting forces deal with Canada. France 24.

6. Canada, G. A. (2024, October 4). Canada-Philippines relations. GAC.

7. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea | Global Conflict Tracker. (2024, September 17). Global Conflict Tracker.

Saturday, March 8, 2025

France, Germany, Italy, and Britain back Arab plan to rebuild Gaza

On Saturday, the foreign ministers of France, Germany, Italy, and Britain expressed their support for an Arab-backed plan to reconstruct Gaza and avoid the displacement of Palestinians from their land. The ministers said the estimated $53 billion plan offers a pragmatic approach to rebuilding Gaza. If implemented, it promises significant and lasting improvements to the dire living conditions of the Palestinians. The proposal, drafted by Egypt and endorsed by Arab leaders on Tuesday, has been dismissed by Israel and U.S. President Donald Trump, who has suggested an alternative vision to transform the Gaza Strip into a "Middle East Riviera." The Egyptian proposal outlines the creation of an administrative committee composed of independent and professional Palestinian experts who would govern Gaza following the end of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas. This committee would oversee humanitarian assistance and manage the region's operations temporarily, under the guidance of the Palestinian Authority. In their statement on Saturday, the four European nations reiterated their commitment to collaborating with the Arab initiative. They acknowledged the "important signal" sent by Arab states regarding the proposal's development. The statement reinforced the position that Hamas "must neither govern Gaza nor pose a threat to Israel any longer," while reaffirming their support for the Palestinian Authority's central role and its implementation of reform efforts.

1. Reuters Staff. (2025, March 8). France, Germany, Italy and UK back Arab plan for Gaza reconstruction. Reuters.

2. Clarke-Billings, L. (2025, March 8). European leaders back “realistic” Arab plan for Gaza.

3. Dahl, J. (2025, March 8). EU foreign ministers back Gaza reconstruction plan. POLITICO.

4. Khoury, J. (2025, March 8). France, Germany, Italy, U.K. back Arab plan for Gaza reconstruction that was rejected by Trump. Haaretz.com.

5. Deirdrebardolfnyp. (2025, March 8). European leaders back “realistic” $53B Arab-backed Gaza reconstruction plan rejected by US, Israel. New York Post.

6. What is Trump’s Proposal for Gaza? (2025, March 5). AJC.

7. Hana, A. K., & Goldenberg, T. (2025, January 22). Gaza: Palestinians confront a landscape of destruction | AP News. AP News.

Infographic of the week

Source: Buchholz, K. (2025, March 5). Where the world is charging most tariffs. Statista Daily Data.

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FOREIGN POLICY MATTERS